Chemistry and Material Science 1. Physical Properties of Materials
... E.g. a solid solution of copper and nickel atoms sharing the fcc crystal structure. Nickel acts as a solute dissolving in the copper solvent. This particular configuration is referred to as substitutional solid solution because the nickel atoms are substituting for Cu atoms on the fcc atom sites. ...
... E.g. a solid solution of copper and nickel atoms sharing the fcc crystal structure. Nickel acts as a solute dissolving in the copper solvent. This particular configuration is referred to as substitutional solid solution because the nickel atoms are substituting for Cu atoms on the fcc atom sites. ...
Radioactive isotopes in solid state physics
... implantation: Depending on the implantation energy, the concentration of dopants, their lateral and their depth distribution can be controlled easily. Any unwanted co-doping by other elements is only determined by the purity of the ion beam and ion implantation is a process not limited by thermal eq ...
... implantation: Depending on the implantation energy, the concentration of dopants, their lateral and their depth distribution can be controlled easily. Any unwanted co-doping by other elements is only determined by the purity of the ion beam and ion implantation is a process not limited by thermal eq ...
L6-Imperfections
... atoms squeeze into spaces or “interstices” between the host atoms Dissolved atoms rarely have the same size as the host material, so the surrounding lattice is distorted ...
... atoms squeeze into spaces or “interstices” between the host atoms Dissolved atoms rarely have the same size as the host material, so the surrounding lattice is distorted ...
Acousto-Optic Devices Based on Potassium Rare
... famous due to a very high threshold of laser damage: up to 170 GW/cm2 for τ = 20 ms pulses [2]. It is widely used in laser technics as lasing material [3]. Moreover, it has rather good acousto-optical (AO) properties [4], as well as the group of double potassium rare-earth tungstates KRE (WO4 )2 , w ...
... famous due to a very high threshold of laser damage: up to 170 GW/cm2 for τ = 20 ms pulses [2]. It is widely used in laser technics as lasing material [3]. Moreover, it has rather good acousto-optical (AO) properties [4], as well as the group of double potassium rare-earth tungstates KRE (WO4 )2 , w ...
properties of materials
... The slow and continuous elongation of a material with time at constant stress and high temperature below elastic limit is called creep. At high temperatures, stresses even below the elastic limit can cause some permanent deformation on stress-strain diagram. There are three stages of creep. In the f ...
... The slow and continuous elongation of a material with time at constant stress and high temperature below elastic limit is called creep. At high temperatures, stresses even below the elastic limit can cause some permanent deformation on stress-strain diagram. There are three stages of creep. In the f ...
Slides for lecture #23
... Small time dependent effects can be observed also for elastic deformation - e.g. related to reversible diffusion of C in a steel under stress. If a sample is vibrated close to resonance, the deviation from perfect elasticity, i.e. the existence of dissipative processes, results in a change of the re ...
... Small time dependent effects can be observed also for elastic deformation - e.g. related to reversible diffusion of C in a steel under stress. If a sample is vibrated close to resonance, the deviation from perfect elasticity, i.e. the existence of dissipative processes, results in a change of the re ...
Benchmarks: Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity on February
... Antoine Henri Becquerel. Becquerel was hoping to demonstrate a link between minerals that glow when exposed to strong light and a new type of electromagnetic radiation called X-rays. The weather thwarted this experiment — but that failure inadvertently produced an entirely new discovery: natural rad ...
... Antoine Henri Becquerel. Becquerel was hoping to demonstrate a link between minerals that glow when exposed to strong light and a new type of electromagnetic radiation called X-rays. The weather thwarted this experiment — but that failure inadvertently produced an entirely new discovery: natural rad ...
Space Environment
... – Van Allen Radiation belts • Regions of Earth’s magnetic field that trap charged particles • Spacecraft try to avoid these regions (or require more shielding) ...
... – Van Allen Radiation belts • Regions of Earth’s magnetic field that trap charged particles • Spacecraft try to avoid these regions (or require more shielding) ...
1.5 Modern and smart materials
... Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a collection of metal alloys that can “remember” their original cold formed shape ...
... Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a collection of metal alloys that can “remember” their original cold formed shape ...
C6 - NuPECC
... resolution, by Medium Energy Ion Scattering [18] in which ~100 keV protons are elastically scattered from the sample and their energy spectra recorded with high-energy resolution. Concentration profiling of ultra thin oxynitride films on silicon with sub nm depth resolution has also been obtained by ...
... resolution, by Medium Energy Ion Scattering [18] in which ~100 keV protons are elastically scattered from the sample and their energy spectra recorded with high-energy resolution. Concentration profiling of ultra thin oxynitride films on silicon with sub nm depth resolution has also been obtained by ...
Archaeometry Center
... U decays into 234Th, while the other isotope of U, 234U, decays into 230Th. Because uranium is soluble in water and thorium is not, minerals that precipitate from solution often contain U but very little Th. Through time Th is formed in the mineral as the U decays. The Th is itself a radioactive ele ...
... U decays into 234Th, while the other isotope of U, 234U, decays into 230Th. Because uranium is soluble in water and thorium is not, minerals that precipitate from solution often contain U but very little Th. Through time Th is formed in the mineral as the U decays. The Th is itself a radioactive ele ...
Applications of EBSD in Materials Research for Nuclear
... The authors outline five long-term targets for making nuclear energy a more attractive energy source: (1) increasing thermal efficiency by shifting to high-temperature reactors; (2) multiple industrial use of high-temperature rectors (i.e. using the heat for commercial purposes such as heating build ...
... The authors outline five long-term targets for making nuclear energy a more attractive energy source: (1) increasing thermal efficiency by shifting to high-temperature reactors; (2) multiple industrial use of high-temperature rectors (i.e. using the heat for commercial purposes such as heating build ...
MATERIALS
... b) Ionic bonding—one atom gives up an electron to become a “cation”; the other gets that electron to become an “ion”. These now-charged atoms are attracted by electrostatic forces. Omnidirectional. ...
... b) Ionic bonding—one atom gives up an electron to become a “cation”; the other gets that electron to become an “ion”. These now-charged atoms are attracted by electrostatic forces. Omnidirectional. ...
View - Workshops+SJCOE Workshop Management
... molecules (via chemical bonds), which range in size from two to thousands of atoms (e.g., in biological molecules such as proteins). Atoms also combine due to these forces to form extended structures, such as crystals or metals. The varied properties (e.g., hardness, conductivity) of the materials o ...
... molecules (via chemical bonds), which range in size from two to thousands of atoms (e.g., in biological molecules such as proteins). Atoms also combine due to these forces to form extended structures, such as crystals or metals. The varied properties (e.g., hardness, conductivity) of the materials o ...
Powder X-Ray Diffraction
... characteristic X-ray powder pattern which may be used as a "fingerprint" for its identification. Once the material has been identified, X-ray crystallography may be used to determine its structure, i.e. how the atoms pack together in the crystalline state and what the interatomic distance and angle ...
... characteristic X-ray powder pattern which may be used as a "fingerprint" for its identification. Once the material has been identified, X-ray crystallography may be used to determine its structure, i.e. how the atoms pack together in the crystalline state and what the interatomic distance and angle ...
DETECTORS
... In addition to the peaks at 0.511 and 1.275 MeV, two Compton "edge" structures labeled CE1 and CE2 are seen in the spectra of both detectors. A count at CE2 corresponds to an event in which a single gamma ray: (a) enters a detector with 1.275 MeV, (b) reverses its direction completely in a Compton b ...
... In addition to the peaks at 0.511 and 1.275 MeV, two Compton "edge" structures labeled CE1 and CE2 are seen in the spectra of both detectors. A count at CE2 corresponds to an event in which a single gamma ray: (a) enters a detector with 1.275 MeV, (b) reverses its direction completely in a Compton b ...
Defects and Disorders in Hafnium Oxide and at Hafnium O id /Sili I t f
... But 700 oC annealed sample was found to have a lot of shallow states which are attributed to the present of large amount of grain boundary shallow traps. Tokyo MQ2012 ...
... But 700 oC annealed sample was found to have a lot of shallow states which are attributed to the present of large amount of grain boundary shallow traps. Tokyo MQ2012 ...
Shielding Property of Closed-Cell AlSi7 Foams and AlSi7 Bulk
... irradiated properties database for niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten refractory ...
... irradiated properties database for niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten refractory ...
Photoprocesses in protoplanetary disks
... where fuc is the oscillator strength for absorption from lower level c to upper level u and Zu the dissociation efficiency of state u, which lies between 0 and 1. The numerical value of the factor pe2/mc2 is 8.85 1021 in the adopted units with l in Å. The total photodissociation rate of a molecule ...
... where fuc is the oscillator strength for absorption from lower level c to upper level u and Zu the dissociation efficiency of state u, which lies between 0 and 1. The numerical value of the factor pe2/mc2 is 8.85 1021 in the adopted units with l in Å. The total photodissociation rate of a molecule ...
PLANETARY GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY WITH STRONTIUM
... from passive gamma ray measurements [e.g. 1]. Although some information can be obtained during a close flyby, precise measurements require lengthy accumulation at low altitude (<1 body radius). Future missions may use active interrogation with a pulsed neutron generator or isotopic neutron source fo ...
... from passive gamma ray measurements [e.g. 1]. Although some information can be obtained during a close flyby, precise measurements require lengthy accumulation at low altitude (<1 body radius). Future missions may use active interrogation with a pulsed neutron generator or isotopic neutron source fo ...
Weak Interactions
... The covalent boding between a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom becomes ‘polar’covalent The ‘charged’ hydrogen ‘ion’ can be attracted to a electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine hydrogen bond should not be confused with a covalent bond to hydrogen. Types o ...
... The covalent boding between a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom becomes ‘polar’covalent The ‘charged’ hydrogen ‘ion’ can be attracted to a electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine hydrogen bond should not be confused with a covalent bond to hydrogen. Types o ...
lecture 4 microwave synthesis of materials
... Microwave-induced plasmas (MIPs) allow any solid mixture to be heated, and can promote direct microwave heating at elevated temperature, greatly expanding the use of microwaves for reactions between solids and gas–solid mixtures. ...
... Microwave-induced plasmas (MIPs) allow any solid mixture to be heated, and can promote direct microwave heating at elevated temperature, greatly expanding the use of microwaves for reactions between solids and gas–solid mixtures. ...