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PATO5.08
PATO5.08

... • PATO – part of a representation of qualitative phenotypic information • More often than not it is important to record quantitative information that results from a specific measurement of a quality ...
11-2 Genetics Notes
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... If a parent carries two different alleles for a certain gene, we can’t be sure which of those alleles will be inherited by one of the parent’s offspring. However, even if we can’t predict the exact future, we can do something almost as useful—we can figure out the odds. ...
SEARCH_16S: A new algorithm for identifying 16S
SEARCH_16S: A new algorithm for identifying 16S

... Of the 6,487 finished assemblies, 6,401 had feature tables provided by NCBI. SEARCH_16S and NCBI reported the same number of 16S genes (i.e., number of paralogs) in 5,724 (88%). A total of 26,816 genes were reported with 24,402 (91%) reported by both. A gene was considered to be reported by both met ...
Exome sequencing as a tool for Mendelian disease gene discovery
Exome sequencing as a tool for Mendelian disease gene discovery

... The basic steps required for exome sequencing are shown in the figure. Genomic DNA is randomly sheared, and several micrograms are used to construct an in vitro shotgun library; the library fragments are flanked by adaptors (not shown). Next, the library is enriched for sequences corresponding to ex ...
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and
GIN Transposons: Genetic Elements Linking Retrotransposons and

... indeed substantially more similar to GIN1 than the sequences previously described as its closest relatives, derived from retrotransposons of the Mdg1 clade (Lloréns and Marı́n 2001). Therefore, all the animal sequences that were potentially interesting were selected and phylogenetic trees were buil ...
Genes in conflict: the biology of selfish genetic elements
Genes in conflict: the biology of selfish genetic elements

Repetitive complete hydatidiform mole can be biparental in origin
Repetitive complete hydatidiform mole can be biparental in origin

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CHARACTER CHANGES CAUSED BY MUTATION OF AN ENTIRE
CHARACTER CHANGES CAUSED BY MUTATION OF AN ENTIRE

... the region opposite to the deficient piece, similar to that which has been demonstrated in the case of the mutant genes. It is superfluous to regard the character notch as due to an independent specific mutant gene contained in or linked to the deficient region. It would seem probable that many norm ...
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Natural selection and animal personality

... that only the combination of both approaches (in the same study system) will allow an informed evaluation of how behavioural traits might (co)evolve under different environmental conditions (Fisher, 1930; Endler, 1986). This paper has a three-fold aim. First, we aim to provide an overview of the ava ...
human genome research
human genome research

... biomedicine, biotechnology and health care. It will increase our knowledge not just of single gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis, but also of how genes interact with environmental factors and contribute to a range of other diseases including cancers, heart disease, and diabetes. Once the role of ...
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... genes lanking the mutation. The mutations had no effect on bacterial growth in anaerobic condition as expected. However, these genes may be involved in bacterial growth under variable nutrients or in the presence of few quantity of oxygen. Thus future experiment will be performed in different condit ...
Cloning of the Papaya Chromoplast-Specific
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... More recently, we constructed a high-density genetic map of papaya using simple sequence repeat markers, and the flesh color locus was mapped to the end of LG5 with the closest marker 13 cM away (Chen et al., 2007). In both papaya genetic maps, linkage group designations were assigned by genetic map ...
Chapter 1 - Institut Montefiore
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... • Initially it was believed that the mechanism of inheritance was a masking of parental characteristics • Mendel developed the theory that the mechanism involves random transmission of discrete “units” of information, called genes. He asserted that, - when a parent passes one of two copies of a gene ...
Comparative Analysis of Structural Diversity and
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... Adams and Palmer 2003). To become active, a newly transferred gene must gain a promoter and other regulatory elements for proper expression and a sequence for targeting the protein product to the mitochondrion if the protein does not already have the necessary targeting information. Many transferred ...
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... briggsae both have n=6, even though their chromosomes have undergone ~4000 rearrangements since they diverged (Stein et al., 2003). The lack of fissions or fusions suggests that there could be selection for a stable chromosome number in the Rhabditina. 3.2. Have ancient linkage groups been conserved ...
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Comparative Analysis Using DNA Microarrays: Sensitivity
Comparative Analysis Using DNA Microarrays: Sensitivity

... sensitivity of gene arrays is not nearly so simple as specificity  With same-vs.-same, we had a large set of equivalently expressed genes whose SLRTRUE was, by definition, equal to zero But what to do for differentially expressed genes? ...
Identification of markers tightly linked to tomato yellow
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... wild tomato relatives, a traditional breeding strategy requires a long time for the successful breeding of a new cultivar; therefore, it would benefit selection and gene cloning if a marker closely linked with TYLCV were found. The resistance to TYLCD in some wild tomato relatives has been controlle ...
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Genetics of fibrosing lung diseases REVIEW

... injury and abnormal wound healing. To date, the genetic associations with IPF that have been reported in different cohorts include the genes encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF; -308 adenine), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (+2018 thymidine) and association with severity and progression (interle ...
Chapter11_Section01_edit. ppt
Chapter11_Section01_edit. ppt

... can have both tall and short offspring. A true-breeding plant, the opposite of a hybrid, can only have plants just like itself. ...
Using genetic markers to orient the edges in quantitative trait
Using genetic markers to orient the edges in quantitative trait

... genetically modified organisms (e.g. transgenics), viral-mediated over-expression of genes, and chemical perturbations of genes. Edge orienting methods can also be based on various approaches that involve multiple perturbations, such as genetic- and time series experiments [7] or by integrating prot ...
The Philosophy of Molecular and Developmental Biology
The Philosophy of Molecular and Developmental Biology

... The Philosophy of Molecular and Developmental Biology There is no doubt that developmental constraints exist (Maynard Smith, Burian et al. 1985). A constraint can be defined fairly uncontentiously as a bias in the production of variation in a population. But there is little agreement about the evol ...
LEGS – Part 2 - Aviculture Europe
LEGS – Part 2 - Aviculture Europe

... have not just an extra digit at the legs, but also one extra in the arms (wings), thus 4 fingers, of which two are merged and the other two both have nails. Still this trait is not always perceptible and there has been quite some research for this. Skeletal analysis by Kenjiro Arisawa et al. in 2006 ...
The population genetics of human disease: the case of recessive
The population genetics of human disease: the case of recessive

... into account. In principle, higher than expected frequencies of disease mutations could be due to widespread errors in reporting causal variants, compensation by other mutations, or balancing selection. It is unclear why these factors would affect CpG transitions differentl ...
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Quantitative trait locus

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a section of DNA (the locus) that correlates with variation in a phenotype (the quantitative trait). The QTL typically is linked to, or contains, the genes that control that phenotype. QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait. This is often an early step in identifying and sequencing the actual genes that cause the trait variation.Quantitative traits are phenotypes (characteristics) that vary in degree and can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., the product of two or more genes, and their environment.
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