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Notes 15 - The University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Notes 15 - The University of Chicago Booth School of Business

... a smaller change in Y when exchange rates are allowed to result. TWIN DEFICITS – The 1980s in the U.S.: If international crowding out occurs, twin deficits could result. By twin deficits, I mean a budget deficit and a trade deficit could occur at the same time. Let us look at how this could happen. ...
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... Although the ECB certainly kept its main refinancing rate at a higher level than that of the Fed over the same period (falling to 0.25% on November 7, 2013), its marginal deposit facility rate, which enables banks to deposit their excess liquidity with the ECB, fell to 0%. Thanks to its various credi ...
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... Thirdly, the efficiency of the integrated European financial market will be crucial for the emergence of the euro. This efficiency will rise because of (i) increased competition among financial intermediaries, (ii) the rising role of institutional investors, (iii) the currency uniformisation of Euro ...
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... The more dependent j is on imports from i, the stronger the effects of i’s exchange rate variations are on j’s economy and thus i should weigh more heavily in j’s EER basket. In a sense, the import weight measures the relative importance among the different economies that j imports from, and this do ...
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... a list of seven unique financial, market and economic catastrophes. A large economic or financial catastrophe seldom affects just one part of the system. The historical record shows that multiple market catastrophes tend to occur at the same time and impacts cascade from one crisis to the next. The ...
< 1 ... 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 ... 120 >

Currency War of 2009–11

The Currency War of 2009–2011 is an episode of competitive devaluation which became prominent in September 2010. Competitive devaluation involves states competing with each other to achieve a relatively low valuation for their own currency, so as to assist their domestic industry. With the financial crises of 2008 the export sectors of many emerging economies have experienced declining orders, and from 2009 several states began or increased their levels of intervention to push down their currencies.Both private sector analysts and politicians including Tim Geithner have suggested the phrase currency war overstates the extent of hostility, but the term has been widely used by the media since Brazil's finance ministers Guido Mantega September 2010 announcement that a ""currency war"" had broken out.Other commentators including world statesmen such as Manmohan Singh and Guido Mantega suggested a currency war was indeed underway and that the leading participants are China and the US, though since 2009 many other states have been taking measures to either devalue or at least check the appreciation of their currencies. The US does not acknowledge that it is practicing competitive devaluation and its official policy is to let the dollar float freely. While the US has taken no direct action to devalue its currency, there is close to universal consensus among analysts that its quantitative easing programmes exert downwards pressure on the dollar.According to many analysts the currency war had largely fizzled out by mid-2011, though others including Mantega disagreed. As of March 2012, outbreaks of rhetoric have still been occurring, with additional measures being adopted by countries like Brazil to control the appreciation of their currency. Yet by June, there were signs that currency misalignment had been levelling out in China and across the world, with even Mantega relaxing some of Brazils anti-appreciation controls. Alarms were raised concerning a possible second 21st currency war in January 2013, this time with the most apparent tension being between Japan and the Euro-zone.
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