The Role of Firm-Level Productivity Growth for the Optimal Rate of
... long-run inflation rate is between 0.5% and 1.5% per year. The model is calibrated to the US economy, and the calibration relies on firm-level data. The positive optimal inflation rate arises from the learning-by-doing dynamics in new firms. In a version of the model without learning by doing, the o ...
... long-run inflation rate is between 0.5% and 1.5% per year. The model is calibrated to the US economy, and the calibration relies on firm-level data. The positive optimal inflation rate arises from the learning-by-doing dynamics in new firms. In a version of the model without learning by doing, the o ...
Should developing countries target low, single digit inflation to
... has evolved since the days of the structural adjustment programmes of the 1980s and 1990s and has remained intact during the 2000s, the emphasis is on attaining key nominal targets pertaining to debts, deficits and inflation. The rationale is that attaining such targets in the medium to long run wil ...
... has evolved since the days of the structural adjustment programmes of the 1980s and 1990s and has remained intact during the 2000s, the emphasis is on attaining key nominal targets pertaining to debts, deficits and inflation. The rationale is that attaining such targets in the medium to long run wil ...
`D`? - Cobb Learning
... B. credit is useful for buying very expensive items such as cars and houses C. credit is good for paying for things in the future that were used in the past D. when people buy something with credit, they usually have to pay back less than they borrowed ...
... B. credit is useful for buying very expensive items such as cars and houses C. credit is good for paying for things in the future that were used in the past D. when people buy something with credit, they usually have to pay back less than they borrowed ...
Sample
... 42) Which of the following is the primary output of the World Bank's International Comparison Program? A) purchasing power parities B) currency fluctuations C) market demand and supply D) production costs Answer: A Difficulty: Easy 43) Which of the following can be perceived from measuring actual i ...
... 42) Which of the following is the primary output of the World Bank's International Comparison Program? A) purchasing power parities B) currency fluctuations C) market demand and supply D) production costs Answer: A Difficulty: Easy 43) Which of the following can be perceived from measuring actual i ...
Macroeconomic Derivatives: An Initial Analysis of Market-based Macro Forecasts, Uncertainty, and Risk.
... The auction clearing pari-mutuel algorithm, called “Parimutuel Derivative Call Auction technology” is patented by Longitude Inc., who also license their product to create markets in mortgage prepayment speeds and natural gas and crude oil inventories (see Baron and Lange, 2003, for more on this algo ...
... The auction clearing pari-mutuel algorithm, called “Parimutuel Derivative Call Auction technology” is patented by Longitude Inc., who also license their product to create markets in mortgage prepayment speeds and natural gas and crude oil inventories (see Baron and Lange, 2003, for more on this algo ...
Potential output, output gaps and structural budget balances
... depend on a production function framework. These draw on information concerning developments in the capital stock, working population, participation rates, structural unemployment and factor productivity. Such measures may be qualified, sometimes heavily, by the judgement of country specialists. In ...
... depend on a production function framework. These draw on information concerning developments in the capital stock, working population, participation rates, structural unemployment and factor productivity. Such measures may be qualified, sometimes heavily, by the judgement of country specialists. In ...
G I , T D
... Published Article IV reports, thus, are at best negotiated documents, and in that sense they are no different from the plethora of country reports that are being manufactured every year by different private and public agencies. Even if the bilateral surveillance over exchange rate related issues fro ...
... Published Article IV reports, thus, are at best negotiated documents, and in that sense they are no different from the plethora of country reports that are being manufactured every year by different private and public agencies. Even if the bilateral surveillance over exchange rate related issues fro ...
Fiscal multipliers in turbulent times: the case of
... In this paper, we first provide an overview of the recent fiscal VAR literature. One main conclusion is drawn from our reading of this literature, heterogeneity along several country- and time-specific dimensions is crucial for understanding the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy; therefore, the pol ...
... In this paper, we first provide an overview of the recent fiscal VAR literature. One main conclusion is drawn from our reading of this literature, heterogeneity along several country- and time-specific dimensions is crucial for understanding the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy; therefore, the pol ...
E Conseil économique et social Nations Unies
... 17. Internet penetration in Asia-Pacific CSN shows wide variations across these economies. Internet users per 100 people range from as low as 5.9 in Afghanistan to as high as 66 in New Caledonia. By and large, Internet penetration is higher in many of the Asian landlocked developing countries and sm ...
... 17. Internet penetration in Asia-Pacific CSN shows wide variations across these economies. Internet users per 100 people range from as low as 5.9 in Afghanistan to as high as 66 in New Caledonia. By and large, Internet penetration is higher in many of the Asian landlocked developing countries and sm ...
Reconstructing Political Economy: The great divide in
... the way the world works and should function. They have different pre-analytic visions. He believed that such vision is ‘ideological almost by definition’ (Schumpeter 1954:42). Since, as Schumpeter thought, it is the ‘preanalytic cognitive act that supplies the raw material for the analytic effort,’ ...
... the way the world works and should function. They have different pre-analytic visions. He believed that such vision is ‘ideological almost by definition’ (Schumpeter 1954:42). Since, as Schumpeter thought, it is the ‘preanalytic cognitive act that supplies the raw material for the analytic effort,’ ...
Learning by failing. The origins of the Norwegian oil fund Abstract
... The Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global is the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund.1 At present, it has a market value of about 4 600 billion NOK (770 billion USD), which is around 140 per cent of Norway’s GDP. This is a result not only of high levels of petroleum revenue, but also of a solut ...
... The Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global is the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund.1 At present, it has a market value of about 4 600 billion NOK (770 billion USD), which is around 140 per cent of Norway’s GDP. This is a result not only of high levels of petroleum revenue, but also of a solut ...
E Economic and Social Council United Nations
... The present note provides a review of the status, challenges and prospects of Asia-Pacific countries with special needs, together with targeted policy options to promote their inclusive growth and sustainable development. Key areas of economic policy include the macroeconomic performance of these co ...
... The present note provides a review of the status, challenges and prospects of Asia-Pacific countries with special needs, together with targeted policy options to promote their inclusive growth and sustainable development. Key areas of economic policy include the macroeconomic performance of these co ...
PDF
... The old myth that corruption by its “intrinsic nature” is impossible to measure delayed the emergence of serious empirical analysis of corruption. There is a consensus that real magnitude of corruption cannot be measured. Nonetheless, the obvious difficulties in measuring corruption have not kept a ...
... The old myth that corruption by its “intrinsic nature” is impossible to measure delayed the emergence of serious empirical analysis of corruption. There is a consensus that real magnitude of corruption cannot be measured. Nonetheless, the obvious difficulties in measuring corruption have not kept a ...
Shadow Economies all over the World: New Estimates for 162
... index, which measures the fiscal burden in an economy; i.e. top tax rates on individual and corporate income. The index ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 is least fiscal freedom and 100 maximum degree of fiscal freedom (negative sign expected). 2.2.2 Intensity of Regulations Increased intensity of regul ...
... index, which measures the fiscal burden in an economy; i.e. top tax rates on individual and corporate income. The index ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 is least fiscal freedom and 100 maximum degree of fiscal freedom (negative sign expected). 2.2.2 Intensity of Regulations Increased intensity of regul ...
lessons from the literature
... In this article we summarise the recent economic literature on the relationship between inflation and growth, to assess what inflation target might be most consistent with the fastest pace of sustainable economic growth. One conclusion is that the relationship between inflation and growth seems to b ...
... In this article we summarise the recent economic literature on the relationship between inflation and growth, to assess what inflation target might be most consistent with the fastest pace of sustainable economic growth. One conclusion is that the relationship between inflation and growth seems to b ...
2015 Budget Highlights “Transformational Agenda: Securing
... VAT for fee-based financial services; 5% VAT on commercial real estate; Extension of the special import levy of 12% to 2017. ...
... VAT for fee-based financial services; 5% VAT on commercial real estate; Extension of the special import levy of 12% to 2017. ...
relationship between inflation and economic growth
... Macroeconomists, central bankers and policymakers have often emphasised the costs associated with high and variable inflation. Inflation imposes negative externalities on the economy when it interferes with an economy’s efficiency. Examples of these inefficiencies are not hard to find, at least at t ...
... Macroeconomists, central bankers and policymakers have often emphasised the costs associated with high and variable inflation. Inflation imposes negative externalities on the economy when it interferes with an economy’s efficiency. Examples of these inefficiencies are not hard to find, at least at t ...
IPR-int_Executive Summary_16Seiter_07102016.indd
... indications (GIs) and plant variety rights (PVRs) — and considers a variety of economic indicators, in particular gross domestic product (GDP), employment, external trade and wages. It makes no policy recommendations, as this is not within its scope. Instead, it is designed to provide evidence that ...
... indications (GIs) and plant variety rights (PVRs) — and considers a variety of economic indicators, in particular gross domestic product (GDP), employment, external trade and wages. It makes no policy recommendations, as this is not within its scope. Instead, it is designed to provide evidence that ...
Structural and Cyclical Factors of Greece`s Current Account
... drive current account fluctuations. These depend on the levels of economic development, demographic profiles, and structures of consumption and production, as well as whether cost, price and structural competitiveness are improving or otherwise. They may come about as a result of increases or decrea ...
... drive current account fluctuations. These depend on the levels of economic development, demographic profiles, and structures of consumption and production, as well as whether cost, price and structural competitiveness are improving or otherwise. They may come about as a result of increases or decrea ...
Structural budget balance: a love at first sight turned sour
... structural balance) is the most commonly used indicator of fiscal effort. The measure is preferable to the actual budget balance, as it corrects for the economic cycle and for one-off events. The cyclical component shows the impact of the business cycle on the government budget balance and is calcul ...
... structural balance) is the most commonly used indicator of fiscal effort. The measure is preferable to the actual budget balance, as it corrects for the economic cycle and for one-off events. The cyclical component shows the impact of the business cycle on the government budget balance and is calcul ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).