Zarnowitz
... All means and standard deviations (S.D.) are rounded to full months. Expansions are measured from troughs (T) to peaks (P), contractions from P to T, the full cycles from T to T. Figures in line 14 exclude the expansions during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and the immediately fo ...
... All means and standard deviations (S.D.) are rounded to full months. Expansions are measured from troughs (T) to peaks (P), contractions from P to T, the full cycles from T to T. Figures in line 14 exclude the expansions during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War and the immediately fo ...
shanghai`s economic development
... Shanghai is located on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean and at the central section of the northsouth coastline of China. The metropolis has served as one of the major trading ports and gateways to inland China since the mid-19th century after the Opium War. It has achieved a rapid and sustaine ...
... Shanghai is located on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean and at the central section of the northsouth coastline of China. The metropolis has served as one of the major trading ports and gateways to inland China since the mid-19th century after the Opium War. It has achieved a rapid and sustaine ...
limitations of the gdp as a measure of progress and well
... assumed that the monetary transactions increase well-being, i.e. that things are generally improving and progressing only because more money is being spent. Although incomes are an important component of development, they are not the only one: the wellbeing also includes social and personal elements ...
... assumed that the monetary transactions increase well-being, i.e. that things are generally improving and progressing only because more money is being spent. Although incomes are an important component of development, they are not the only one: the wellbeing also includes social and personal elements ...
why is investment so weak?
... Greater uncertainty about the future increases the risk associated with investing, cf. e.g. Bloom et al. (2007). At the beginning of the financial crisis, the level of economic and political uncertainty rose substantially, cf. Chart 7 (right). That uncertainty is now back at a more normal level, but ...
... Greater uncertainty about the future increases the risk associated with investing, cf. e.g. Bloom et al. (2007). At the beginning of the financial crisis, the level of economic and political uncertainty rose substantially, cf. Chart 7 (right). That uncertainty is now back at a more normal level, but ...
7. Medium-Term Forecasts
... Effects of rising core inflation indicators on the pricing behavior due to the recent volatility in exchange rates appear as an upside risk factor and are monitored closely. On the other hand, the mild course of the international commodity prices excluding oil and the limited recovery in economic ac ...
... Effects of rising core inflation indicators on the pricing behavior due to the recent volatility in exchange rates appear as an upside risk factor and are monitored closely. On the other hand, the mild course of the international commodity prices excluding oil and the limited recovery in economic ac ...
Towards a better measurement of welfare and inequalities
... This supplement briefly reviews a set of indicators that complement Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. They provide a more comprehensive measure of growth in society, encompassing not only macro-economic performance but also progress in other important aspects of sustainable and inclusive growth. ...
... This supplement briefly reviews a set of indicators that complement Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. They provide a more comprehensive measure of growth in society, encompassing not only macro-economic performance but also progress in other important aspects of sustainable and inclusive growth. ...
Productivity Statistics: 1978–2015
... coverage, but longer time series. It includes industries AA1-KK1 and RS1. The series are available from 1978. Gross domestic product (GDP): the total market value of goods and services produced in New Zealand within a given period, after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the proces ...
... coverage, but longer time series. It includes industries AA1-KK1 and RS1. The series are available from 1978. Gross domestic product (GDP): the total market value of goods and services produced in New Zealand within a given period, after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the proces ...
Transport implications of future options for the New Zealand economy
... proportion is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. We focus heavily on AERU‟s population data because it has a strong correlation with the number of light passenger and light commercial vehicles on the road - crucial in considering impacts like congestion effects of the different Futures. I ...
... proportion is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. We focus heavily on AERU‟s population data because it has a strong correlation with the number of light passenger and light commercial vehicles on the road - crucial in considering impacts like congestion effects of the different Futures. I ...
The CreaTive indusTries and The BriCs
... the biggest emerging economies in the world namely Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – the BRICS. Although at different levels of development, these economies are in many ways undergoing similar transitions from economies based on manufacturing, industrial output and natural resources to ...
... the biggest emerging economies in the world namely Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – the BRICS. Although at different levels of development, these economies are in many ways undergoing similar transitions from economies based on manufacturing, industrial output and natural resources to ...
Beyond New Keynesian Economics: Towards a Post Walrasian
... Any classification scheme that will be helpful to students and non-specialists requires significant simplification and squeezing of ideas into cubbyholes into which they do not quite fit. So I am sympathetic to the problems of classifying schools of thought, and recognize that any classification sys ...
... Any classification scheme that will be helpful to students and non-specialists requires significant simplification and squeezing of ideas into cubbyholes into which they do not quite fit. So I am sympathetic to the problems of classifying schools of thought, and recognize that any classification sys ...
Chapter 3. From Recession to Recovery: How Soon and How
... responses. An important common feature is that the U.S. economy is the epicenter of both crises. Given its weight, a downturn in the United States has all but guaranteed a global impact. This sets the current crisis and the Great Depression apart from many other financial crises, which have typicall ...
... responses. An important common feature is that the U.S. economy is the epicenter of both crises. Given its weight, a downturn in the United States has all but guaranteed a global impact. This sets the current crisis and the Great Depression apart from many other financial crises, which have typicall ...
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... at the data to identify the economic consequences of the take-off in inflation in the early 1970s. Events leading up to the 1970s: Setting the trap An important part of the story of the inflation of the 1970s begins with the recession of the early 1960s. That recession helped bring the administratio ...
... at the data to identify the economic consequences of the take-off in inflation in the early 1970s. Events leading up to the 1970s: Setting the trap An important part of the story of the inflation of the 1970s begins with the recession of the early 1960s. That recession helped bring the administratio ...
Consumer confidence and economic growth: case studies of Jamaica
... and Tobago in the context of the vector autoregression (VAR) methodology. The interest rate and exchange rate were also included in the model as control variables. In the case of Jamaica, remittances were included due to its importance in the economy. The study argued that consumer confidence indice ...
... and Tobago in the context of the vector autoregression (VAR) methodology. The interest rate and exchange rate were also included in the model as control variables. In the case of Jamaica, remittances were included due to its importance in the economy. The study argued that consumer confidence indice ...
The Link between e-Waste and GDP—New Insights
... Nominal GDP is most commonly used to assess the economic status and economic growth of a country. It expresses the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period at current market prices. GDP per capita is derived by dividing the t ...
... Nominal GDP is most commonly used to assess the economic status and economic growth of a country. It expresses the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period at current market prices. GDP per capita is derived by dividing the t ...
discretionary fiscal policy and economic activity in greece
... government purchases raises output, consumption and investment and reduces the trade balance. The stimulating effect is weaker and the trade balance reduction is larger for more open economies due to the trade leakage effects. As shown by Corsetti et al. (2012) an increase in government spending has ...
... government purchases raises output, consumption and investment and reduces the trade balance. The stimulating effect is weaker and the trade balance reduction is larger for more open economies due to the trade leakage effects. As shown by Corsetti et al. (2012) an increase in government spending has ...
Central bank independence and the monetary instrument problem
... Our paper contributes to a large literature on the monetary instrument problem. This literature started with the seminal paper by Poole (1970), who shows in a simple IS-LM framework that the desirability of money growth versus interest rate rules depends on the sources and relative volatilities of m ...
... Our paper contributes to a large literature on the monetary instrument problem. This literature started with the seminal paper by Poole (1970), who shows in a simple IS-LM framework that the desirability of money growth versus interest rate rules depends on the sources and relative volatilities of m ...
The impact of Crude oilprice volatility on selected Asian emerging economies
... the structural break test indicates breaks during the Asian financial crisis, this study employs two different VAR systems, one for the whole period and the other for the period after the crisis. For the whole time period, the causality test along with impulse response functions and variance decomp ...
... the structural break test indicates breaks during the Asian financial crisis, this study employs two different VAR systems, one for the whole period and the other for the period after the crisis. For the whole time period, the causality test along with impulse response functions and variance decomp ...
Leading indicators for Euroland`s business cycle
... theory", but it can be justified from economic theory, at least to some extent (see de Leeuw 1992, Klein 1997 for a detailed discussion). For example, monetary variables can be justified in the context of any model in which the stance of monetary policy is of importance for the business cycle, such ...
... theory", but it can be justified from economic theory, at least to some extent (see de Leeuw 1992, Klein 1997 for a detailed discussion). For example, monetary variables can be justified in the context of any model in which the stance of monetary policy is of importance for the business cycle, such ...
Chapter 3 A R :
... Table 3.8: Return on Investment and Advances and Recovery of User Charges (as a percentage of revenue expenditure for Social and Economic Services) (Per cent) ...
... Table 3.8: Return on Investment and Advances and Recovery of User Charges (as a percentage of revenue expenditure for Social and Economic Services) (Per cent) ...
S R G C
... baby boom generation will be fully retired, the aged dependency rate— the ratio of people past age 64 to the number aged 15 to 64 —will rise to about 30 percent in the United States, to 40 percent in France and Britain, and to nearly 50 percent in Germany and Japan (Table 1). Although all the big in ...
... baby boom generation will be fully retired, the aged dependency rate— the ratio of people past age 64 to the number aged 15 to 64 —will rise to about 30 percent in the United States, to 40 percent in France and Britain, and to nearly 50 percent in Germany and Japan (Table 1). Although all the big in ...
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... medium, and large enterprises help in overall economic growth and job creation in the country. If any of the part will be closed the overall economic development of the country will suffer. As the main hub of the country is the Punjab therefore, the research has been conducted in the Punjab. The max ...
... medium, and large enterprises help in overall economic growth and job creation in the country. If any of the part will be closed the overall economic development of the country will suffer. As the main hub of the country is the Punjab therefore, the research has been conducted in the Punjab. The max ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).