PRODUCTIVITY IN SERVICES: FINLAND IN AN INTERNATIONAL
... not connected to output measurement problems. The large share of services in US output is not necessarily a drag on aggregate growth as Baily and Lawrence (2001) show that industries using information and communication technology (ICT) have performed better than the private sector on average in the ...
... not connected to output measurement problems. The large share of services in US output is not necessarily a drag on aggregate growth as Baily and Lawrence (2001) show that industries using information and communication technology (ICT) have performed better than the private sector on average in the ...
A Two-Sector Model of Economic Growth
... reveals that something more fundamental, and less likely to be reversed, has also been at work. A standard disaggregation of the data shows that the remarkable increase in real investment in the 1990s was entirely due to outlays on producers’ durable equipment, which grew 9.1 percent per year; real ...
... reveals that something more fundamental, and less likely to be reversed, has also been at work. A standard disaggregation of the data shows that the remarkable increase in real investment in the 1990s was entirely due to outlays on producers’ durable equipment, which grew 9.1 percent per year; real ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... market. A reform that would not deal with these structural factors runs the risk of leading to disappointing welfare gains, at best, and to crises in the worst case. Some of the reforms may fall short of success due to coordination failure: They may be effective only if they would be adopted comprehe ...
... market. A reform that would not deal with these structural factors runs the risk of leading to disappointing welfare gains, at best, and to crises in the worst case. Some of the reforms may fall short of success due to coordination failure: They may be effective only if they would be adopted comprehe ...
The Global Competitiveness Index 2013–2014: Country Profile
... across all the dimensions of the GCI. Again this year, it is the only economy to feature in the top 3 of seven out of the 12 pillars of the GCI; it also appears in the top 10 of two others. It dominates the goods market efficiency pillar and the labor market efficiency pillar, and places 2nd in the ...
... across all the dimensions of the GCI. Again this year, it is the only economy to feature in the top 3 of seven out of the 12 pillars of the GCI; it also appears in the top 10 of two others. It dominates the goods market efficiency pillar and the labor market efficiency pillar, and places 2nd in the ...
The Determinants of Labour Demand in the Lubelskie Voivodship
... 1 Labour demand and its determinants Labour demand denotes the overall demand for the working force reported by economic entities, and is identified as the number of occupied (fulfilled demand) jobs, and vacancies (unfulfilled demand). The sum of occupied jobs is commonly referred to as “employed p ...
... 1 Labour demand and its determinants Labour demand denotes the overall demand for the working force reported by economic entities, and is identified as the number of occupied (fulfilled demand) jobs, and vacancies (unfulfilled demand). The sum of occupied jobs is commonly referred to as “employed p ...
On the Complexities of Complex Economic Dynamics
... the Soviet Union, it became especially popular with planners there due to its emphasis on feedback and control of systems, and eventually morphed into general systems theory (von Bertalanffy, 1975). Its most famous U.S. advocate in economics has been Jay Forrester (1961), who emphasized the possibil ...
... the Soviet Union, it became especially popular with planners there due to its emphasis on feedback and control of systems, and eventually morphed into general systems theory (von Bertalanffy, 1975). Its most famous U.S. advocate in economics has been Jay Forrester (1961), who emphasized the possibil ...
GDP Estimation and Slow Down Signal Model for Indonesia: An
... fluctuations in output and employment was mainly due to the variations in aggregate demand (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2004). So after the Second World War period, Keynes’s theory is much more dominant in explaining the business cycle, so that where the government intervened with fiscal ...
... fluctuations in output and employment was mainly due to the variations in aggregate demand (The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2004). So after the Second World War period, Keynes’s theory is much more dominant in explaining the business cycle, so that where the government intervened with fiscal ...
e effect of advanced industry on the resilience of the economy
... hand, Israel has been involved in a relatively large number of wars and security crises, and on the other, it has a particularly developed advanced industry. The academic literature includes many dated and more recent studies examining the effects of war on the local economy throughout history. Some ...
... hand, Israel has been involved in a relatively large number of wars and security crises, and on the other, it has a particularly developed advanced industry. The academic literature includes many dated and more recent studies examining the effects of war on the local economy throughout history. Some ...
AP Macroeconomics - Reading Community Schools
... principles of economics that apply to an economic system as a whole. Such a course places particular emphasis on the study of national income and price-level determination, and also develops students' familiarity with economic performance measures, the financial sector, stabilization policies, econo ...
... principles of economics that apply to an economic system as a whole. Such a course places particular emphasis on the study of national income and price-level determination, and also develops students' familiarity with economic performance measures, the financial sector, stabilization policies, econo ...
Great Depression Economic history
... Dates of the Great Depression in various countries Page 5 of 17 While there is debate about the role the gold standard played in limiting U.S. monetary policy, there is no question that it was a key factor in the transmission of America’s economic decline to the rest of the world. Under the gold st ...
... Dates of the Great Depression in various countries Page 5 of 17 While there is debate about the role the gold standard played in limiting U.S. monetary policy, there is no question that it was a key factor in the transmission of America’s economic decline to the rest of the world. Under the gold st ...
how to deal with macroeconomic imbalances?
... One cannot interpret the imbalances in Figure 2 directly as bilateral imbalances between the north and the south of the euro area, since there is a global capital market and the current account is always ‘erga omnes’. However, the close negative correlation in the flows suggests a link. In reality, ...
... One cannot interpret the imbalances in Figure 2 directly as bilateral imbalances between the north and the south of the euro area, since there is a global capital market and the current account is always ‘erga omnes’. However, the close negative correlation in the flows suggests a link. In reality, ...
The Impact of terrorism on Turkey\`s economic performance From
... economic opportunities can be a powerful driver of terrorism, in conjunction with social and political dynamics. Terrorist strikes can harm business and consumer confidence, which reduces investment and consumption and hence overall economic growth. Terrorist attacks that target vital infrastructure ...
... economic opportunities can be a powerful driver of terrorism, in conjunction with social and political dynamics. Terrorist strikes can harm business and consumer confidence, which reduces investment and consumption and hence overall economic growth. Terrorist attacks that target vital infrastructure ...
UNIT 8
... Factors of production were covered in Unit 1 and these will be relevant to the discussion of developed and developing countries. The idea that various economies will be at different stages of development is linked to the concept of economic growth, discussed in Unit 6, and to the concept of Gross Do ...
... Factors of production were covered in Unit 1 and these will be relevant to the discussion of developed and developing countries. The idea that various economies will be at different stages of development is linked to the concept of economic growth, discussed in Unit 6, and to the concept of Gross Do ...
Chapter 9 High Road Capitalism
... -- Table 9.1 and Figure 9.9 about here -This decline in manufacturing is bound up with another critical, long-term trend in the American economy: the increasing imbalance of international trade (Figure 9.10). From the end of WWII until the late 1970s, the United States was a net exporter. Exports an ...
... -- Table 9.1 and Figure 9.9 about here -This decline in manufacturing is bound up with another critical, long-term trend in the American economy: the increasing imbalance of international trade (Figure 9.10). From the end of WWII until the late 1970s, the United States was a net exporter. Exports an ...
The Economics of Agricultural Development: An Overview1
... Understanding the process of agricultural development is therefore central to most contemporary research and advanced study in agricultural economics and development economics, in international development, in related social science subdisciplines such asanthropology, geography and sociology, and ev ...
... Understanding the process of agricultural development is therefore central to most contemporary research and advanced study in agricultural economics and development economics, in international development, in related social science subdisciplines such asanthropology, geography and sociology, and ev ...
macroeconomic and growth policies
... inflation, creates huge uncertainty about changes in relative prices, which can be devastating for the information quality of prices and for the efficiency with which resources are used. Behaviour gets distorted as firms and individuals work to spend money quickly, before it diminishes in value. In ...
... inflation, creates huge uncertainty about changes in relative prices, which can be devastating for the information quality of prices and for the efficiency with which resources are used. Behaviour gets distorted as firms and individuals work to spend money quickly, before it diminishes in value. In ...
'Regional GDP and Market Potential in Austria-Hungary, 1870-1910'
... conditions (Pollard 1986). Yet a theoretically explicit and quantitative analysis of how these factors mattered for the development of the Habsburg economy, and more broadly, Europe’s Eastern and South-Eastern periphery, is still missing. This paper aims at providing some empirical input as a first ...
... conditions (Pollard 1986). Yet a theoretically explicit and quantitative analysis of how these factors mattered for the development of the Habsburg economy, and more broadly, Europe’s Eastern and South-Eastern periphery, is still missing. This paper aims at providing some empirical input as a first ...
Inflation
... • In the long run, if expectations adjust to the actual behavior of inflation, the inflation rate rises by exactly the same amount as nominal GDP, and any increase in real GDP along the way is only temporary. • Following a permanent increase in nominal GDP growth, inflation always experiences a temp ...
... • In the long run, if expectations adjust to the actual behavior of inflation, the inflation rate rises by exactly the same amount as nominal GDP, and any increase in real GDP along the way is only temporary. • Following a permanent increase in nominal GDP growth, inflation always experiences a temp ...
At current price - United Nations Statistics Division
... Accounting Spreadsheet Model” for the Gambian economy. The analytical framework is consistent with the basic concepts and interrelations under the UN System of National Accounts (UNSNA), and the IMF Government Finance Statistics (GFS), Balance of Payments (BOP) Statistics, and the MonetaryFinancial ...
... Accounting Spreadsheet Model” for the Gambian economy. The analytical framework is consistent with the basic concepts and interrelations under the UN System of National Accounts (UNSNA), and the IMF Government Finance Statistics (GFS), Balance of Payments (BOP) Statistics, and the MonetaryFinancial ...
here - Kornai János
... the capitalist system (Kornai, 2011). The book is a counterpart to his classic The Socialist System (1992). 3 This book synthesizes theories, concepts, and observations that the author has developed for decades. Two pairs of concepts highlight the analytical framework for contrasting capitalism to s ...
... the capitalist system (Kornai, 2011). The book is a counterpart to his classic The Socialist System (1992). 3 This book synthesizes theories, concepts, and observations that the author has developed for decades. Two pairs of concepts highlight the analytical framework for contrasting capitalism to s ...
Post–World War II economic expansion
""Golden Age of capitalism"" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque.The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s.During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war, such as Greece (Greek economic miracle), West Germany (Wirtschaftswunder), France (Trente Glorieuses), Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), and Italy (Italian economic miracle).