Environmental Problems, Their Cause and
... Each year your college raises tuition 6%, does that mean every year the tuition goes up the same amount?Fig. 1-4, p. 8 ...
... Each year your college raises tuition 6%, does that mean every year the tuition goes up the same amount?Fig. 1-4, p. 8 ...
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... Each year your college raises tuition 6%, does that mean every year the tuition goes up the same amount?Fig. 1-4, p. 8 ...
... Each year your college raises tuition 6%, does that mean every year the tuition goes up the same amount?Fig. 1-4, p. 8 ...
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... We examine the relationship between pollution and income in a dynamic general equilibrium framework with endogenous growth in a multi-output context. Previous theoretical literature has assumed a single final good thus ignoring the output composition effect and has often modeled production using a C ...
... We examine the relationship between pollution and income in a dynamic general equilibrium framework with endogenous growth in a multi-output context. Previous theoretical literature has assumed a single final good thus ignoring the output composition effect and has often modeled production using a C ...
Conference Summary
... There’s one thing economists can actually agree on: Income inequality is accelerating in the United States and elsewhere in the developed world, and its long-term effects could derail economic growth, leaving future generations trapped in poverty. Still up for debate, though, are the magnitude of th ...
... There’s one thing economists can actually agree on: Income inequality is accelerating in the United States and elsewhere in the developed world, and its long-term effects could derail economic growth, leaving future generations trapped in poverty. Still up for debate, though, are the magnitude of th ...
I. Measures of income inequality Gini coefficient
... Martin Ravallion (2007), “Economic Growth is Not an Antipoverty Policy”, Development Research Group World Bank. Conference: “Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry ...
... Martin Ravallion (2007), “Economic Growth is Not an Antipoverty Policy”, Development Research Group World Bank. Conference: “Taking Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry ...
Lecture 5
... 1. Sustainable development advocates global economic growth of 5 to 10x (goal = alleviating poverty). How can that be achieved without exceeding the carrying capacity of ecosystems? 2. Formulations of development policy are to have “broadly-based participation.” How can we achieve the radical politi ...
... 1. Sustainable development advocates global economic growth of 5 to 10x (goal = alleviating poverty). How can that be achieved without exceeding the carrying capacity of ecosystems? 2. Formulations of development policy are to have “broadly-based participation.” How can we achieve the radical politi ...
Spring 2010
... 2. Why Britain? Why Europe? Why not China? These three questions have dominated the recent literature on the (first) industrial revolution. How would you answer them? 3. How does our health compare to that of our ancestors and why might it differ? What are the implications of changes in health for p ...
... 2. Why Britain? Why Europe? Why not China? These three questions have dominated the recent literature on the (first) industrial revolution. How would you answer them? 3. How does our health compare to that of our ancestors and why might it differ? What are the implications of changes in health for p ...
Kuznets curve
In economics, a Kuznets curve graphs the hypothesis that as an economy develops, market forces first increase and then decrease economic inequality. The hypothesis was first advanced by economist Simon Kuznets in the 1950s and '60s.One explanation of such a progression suggests that early in development investment opportunities for those who have money multiply, while an influx of cheap rural labor to the cities holds down wages. Whereas in mature economies, human capital accrual, or an estimate of cost that has been incurred but not yet paid, takes the place of physical capital accrual as the main source of growth; and inequality slows growth by lowering education levels because poorer, disadvantaged people lack finance for their education in imperfect credit-markets.The Kuznets curve implies that as a nation undergoes industrialization – and especially the mechanization of agriculture – the center of the nation’s economy will shift to the cities. As internal migration by farmers looking for better-paying jobs in urban hubs causes a significant rural-urban inequality gap (the owners of firms would be profiting, while laborers from those industries would see their incomes rise at a much slower rate and agricultural workers would possibly see their incomes decrease), rural populations decrease as urban populations increase. Inequality is then expected to decrease when a certain level of average income is reached and the processes of industrialization – democratization and the rise of the welfare state – allow for the trickle-down of the benefits from rapid growth, and increase the per-capita income. Kuznets believed that inequality would follow an inverted “U” shape as it rises and then falls again with the increase of income per-capita.Kuznets curve diagrams show an inverted U curve, although variables along the axes are often mixed and matched, with inequality or the Gini coefficient on the Y axis and economic development, time or per-capita incomes on the X axis.Since 1991 the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) has become a standard feature in the technical literature of environmental policy, though its application there has been strongly contested.