ASTR-100 - Jiri Brezina Teaching
... Tidal heating slows the bodies' rotation until it becomes tidally locked, and the tidal bulge does not change any more. Two (from many) examples of tidal heating: Moon’s rotation, originally faster than now (the Moon showed all sides earlier), has been tidally locked to the Earth since 3.5 bill. y. ...
... Tidal heating slows the bodies' rotation until it becomes tidally locked, and the tidal bulge does not change any more. Two (from many) examples of tidal heating: Moon’s rotation, originally faster than now (the Moon showed all sides earlier), has been tidally locked to the Earth since 3.5 bill. y. ...
Origins: Where Are the Aliens?
... looks like in a continuous spectrum and represented as a graph. (The overhead shows hydrogen being absorbed in four specific bands of visible light. The two absorption lines just beyond 400 nanometers are caused by calcium in the Sun’s atmosphere.) Note to students that this graphic represents stell ...
... looks like in a continuous spectrum and represented as a graph. (The overhead shows hydrogen being absorbed in four specific bands of visible light. The two absorption lines just beyond 400 nanometers are caused by calcium in the Sun’s atmosphere.) Note to students that this graphic represents stell ...
Terrestrial Planets
... Microlensing operates by a completely different principle, based on Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. According to Einstein, when the light emanating from a star passes very close to another star on its way to an observer on Earth, the gravity of the intermediary star will slightly bend the l ...
... Microlensing operates by a completely different principle, based on Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. According to Einstein, when the light emanating from a star passes very close to another star on its way to an observer on Earth, the gravity of the intermediary star will slightly bend the l ...
class slides for Chapter 9
... instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by inst ...
... instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by inst ...
Orbits
... When a mass on a string is swung at an increasing speed, the tension increases, while the radius remains constant: ...
... When a mass on a string is swung at an increasing speed, the tension increases, while the radius remains constant: ...
Powerpoint file
... Short period M dwarfs are very active and we would have seen Ca II emission from the binary stars and X-ray emission ...
... Short period M dwarfs are very active and we would have seen Ca II emission from the binary stars and X-ray emission ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF - e
... carbon than silicon in the Milky Way there is about 220 times more silicon than carbon in the Earth. Silicon is a very important element for the development of life on the Earth, because it forms silicates which make up much of the land areas that are not as heavy as basalt. Therefore the silicon ri ...
... carbon than silicon in the Milky Way there is about 220 times more silicon than carbon in the Earth. Silicon is a very important element for the development of life on the Earth, because it forms silicates which make up much of the land areas that are not as heavy as basalt. Therefore the silicon ri ...
ASTR-100 - Jiri Brezina Teaching
... Tidal heating slows the bodies' rotation until it becomes tidally locked, and the tidal bulge does not change any more (68). Two (from many) examples of tidal heating: Moon’s rotation, originally faster than now (the Moon showed all sides earlier), has been tidally locked to the Earth since 3.5 bill ...
... Tidal heating slows the bodies' rotation until it becomes tidally locked, and the tidal bulge does not change any more (68). Two (from many) examples of tidal heating: Moon’s rotation, originally faster than now (the Moon showed all sides earlier), has been tidally locked to the Earth since 3.5 bill ...
The Search for Extrasolar Earth-like Planets
... be oriented to show transits is the ratio of the stellar radius to planet semi-major axis. For Earth and the sun this is 0.5%, meaning that 200 stars with Earthlike planets would have to be monitored to detect one transiting system. Furthermore, one would want to see two or three transits to measure ...
... be oriented to show transits is the ratio of the stellar radius to planet semi-major axis. For Earth and the sun this is 0.5%, meaning that 200 stars with Earthlike planets would have to be monitored to detect one transiting system. Furthermore, one would want to see two or three transits to measure ...
r - UMD Physics
... 100-kg Earth satellite in a circular orbit at an altitude of 200 km. A small force of air resistance makes the satellite drop into a circular orbit with an altitude of 100 km. (a) What is the initial speed? (b) What is the final speed? (c) What is the initial energy? (d) What is the final energy? (e ...
... 100-kg Earth satellite in a circular orbit at an altitude of 200 km. A small force of air resistance makes the satellite drop into a circular orbit with an altitude of 100 km. (a) What is the initial speed? (b) What is the final speed? (c) What is the initial energy? (d) What is the final energy? (e ...
Search for Planets Lecture Notes
... get within the liquid water range, the Sun’s brightness would have to increase by 2 to the 4th power (in accordance with Stefan-Boltzmann Law), or 16 times the brightness that it is now. – What does “several times brighter” ...
... get within the liquid water range, the Sun’s brightness would have to increase by 2 to the 4th power (in accordance with Stefan-Boltzmann Law), or 16 times the brightness that it is now. – What does “several times brighter” ...
3. COMMENTS ON KEPLER`S NEW ASTRONOMY
... A third step, which included the two previous steps, was required to complete the epistemological conditions validating this Pythagorean principle of proportionality. This third step represented the boundary condition, the closure of the entire process. Imagine that, from outside of the Celestial Sp ...
... A third step, which included the two previous steps, was required to complete the epistemological conditions validating this Pythagorean principle of proportionality. This third step represented the boundary condition, the closure of the entire process. Imagine that, from outside of the Celestial Sp ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... prominence and to a smaller degree in size, and has varied in color from a rather dull grey to conspicuous brick red. A watch on the Spot reveals something else about Jupiter. It is revolving on its axis—and fast! Watching the Spot progress across the visible disk shows that the planet spins on its ...
... prominence and to a smaller degree in size, and has varied in color from a rather dull grey to conspicuous brick red. A watch on the Spot reveals something else about Jupiter. It is revolving on its axis—and fast! Watching the Spot progress across the visible disk shows that the planet spins on its ...
Script
... The transit method also makes it possible to study the atmosphere of the transiting planet. When the planet transits the star, light from the star passes through the upper atmosphere of the planet. By studying the high-resolution stellar spectrum carefully, one can detect elements present in the pla ...
... The transit method also makes it possible to study the atmosphere of the transiting planet. When the planet transits the star, light from the star passes through the upper atmosphere of the planet. By studying the high-resolution stellar spectrum carefully, one can detect elements present in the pla ...
The Rings and Moons of the Outer Planets
... among the five main satellites of Uranus, Miranda’s bizarre surface makes it the most interesting and memorable. Astronomers can only guess at the violent events that led to the unusual wrinkles and bands. ...
... among the five main satellites of Uranus, Miranda’s bizarre surface makes it the most interesting and memorable. Astronomers can only guess at the violent events that led to the unusual wrinkles and bands. ...
Venus Express - Nuffield Foundation
... The trip to Venus lasts 153 days. For most of this time, the strongest force on the craft is the pull of the Sun’s gravity. Once Venus Express is captured by Venus’s own gravitational pull, the engineers at the control centre in Darmstadt, Germany, need 5 days to manoeuvre it into its operational or ...
... The trip to Venus lasts 153 days. For most of this time, the strongest force on the craft is the pull of the Sun’s gravity. Once Venus Express is captured by Venus’s own gravitational pull, the engineers at the control centre in Darmstadt, Germany, need 5 days to manoeuvre it into its operational or ...
The formation and habitability of terrestrial planets in the presence of
... giant planet. In all cases, terrestrial planets in the habitable zone form more quickly in the presence of an outer giant planet, because more protoplanets are scattered onto orbits which cross the inner terrestrial region (inside 1.5 AU) by both the outer giant and, consequently, the protoplanets i ...
... giant planet. In all cases, terrestrial planets in the habitable zone form more quickly in the presence of an outer giant planet, because more protoplanets are scattered onto orbits which cross the inner terrestrial region (inside 1.5 AU) by both the outer giant and, consequently, the protoplanets i ...
Solar system - Wikimedia Commons
... supernovae may have triggered the formation of the Sun by creating regions of overdensity in the surrounding nebula, allowing gravitational forces to overcome internal gas pressures and cause collapse.[9] The region that would become the Solar System, known as the pre-solar nebula,[10] had a diamete ...
... supernovae may have triggered the formation of the Sun by creating regions of overdensity in the surrounding nebula, allowing gravitational forces to overcome internal gas pressures and cause collapse.[9] The region that would become the Solar System, known as the pre-solar nebula,[10] had a diamete ...
Solar System Quiz
... ____ 14. The two inner planets most alike in size, mass, and density are a. Mercury and Venus. c. Venus and Earth. b. Earth and Mars. d. Mars and Mercury. ____ 15. Which of the following planets has seasons like Earth’s because its axis tilts at an almost identical angle? a. Mercury c. Pluto b. Venu ...
... ____ 14. The two inner planets most alike in size, mass, and density are a. Mercury and Venus. c. Venus and Earth. b. Earth and Mars. d. Mars and Mercury. ____ 15. Which of the following planets has seasons like Earth’s because its axis tilts at an almost identical angle? a. Mercury c. Pluto b. Venu ...
The Solar System as an Exoplanetary System
... orbital parameters. We identify the semi–major axis of the innermost planet as the most discrepant characteristic of the solar system and the low mean eccentricity as being somewhat special. In Section 3 we compare the masses and densities of the planets in our Solar System with those in exosolar sy ...
... orbital parameters. We identify the semi–major axis of the innermost planet as the most discrepant characteristic of the solar system and the low mean eccentricity as being somewhat special. In Section 3 we compare the masses and densities of the planets in our Solar System with those in exosolar sy ...
Section 1 - The Solar System
... By measuring such decay in meteorites, scientists learned that the Sun and the planets formed 4600 million years ago. This was confirmed by the study of moon rocks. ...
... By measuring such decay in meteorites, scientists learned that the Sun and the planets formed 4600 million years ago. This was confirmed by the study of moon rocks. ...
PLUTO - Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern
... Search for the 9th planet in the solar system has long been the ambition of many astronomers. Neptune has officially been claimed as the 8 th planet of our solar system since 1781 (although it's also observable to naked eyes) 9, but astronomers have been looking for a massive enough object (Planet X ...
... Search for the 9th planet in the solar system has long been the ambition of many astronomers. Neptune has officially been claimed as the 8 th planet of our solar system since 1781 (although it's also observable to naked eyes) 9, but astronomers have been looking for a massive enough object (Planet X ...
ptolemy day 21 - Arts of Liberty
... The “inner planets,” Mercury and Venus, are never found more than a certain angular distance from the sun. They have maximum or “greatest elongations” from the sun, either on the western side or on the eastern side of the sun. By contrast, the “outer planets,” Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, can be any angul ...
... The “inner planets,” Mercury and Venus, are never found more than a certain angular distance from the sun. They have maximum or “greatest elongations” from the sun, either on the western side or on the eastern side of the sun. By contrast, the “outer planets,” Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, can be any angul ...
Planets beyond Neptune
Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. The search began in the mid-19th century and culminated at the start of the 20th with Percival Lowell's quest for Planet X. Lowell proposed the Planet X hypothesis to explain apparent discrepancies in the orbits of the giant planets, particularly Uranus and Neptune, speculating that the gravity of a large unseen ninth planet could have perturbed Uranus enough to account for the irregularities.Clyde Tombaugh's discovery of Pluto in 1930 appeared to validate Lowell's hypothesis, and Pluto was officially named the ninth planet. In 1978, Pluto was conclusively determined to be too small for its gravity to affect the giant planets, resulting in a brief search for a tenth planet. The search was largely abandoned in the early 1990s, when a study of measurements made by the Voyager 2 spacecraft found that the irregularities observed in Uranus's orbit were due to a slight overestimation of Neptune's mass. After 1992, the discovery of numerous small icy objects with similar or even wider orbits than Pluto led to a debate over whether Pluto should remain a planet, or whether it and its neighbours should, like the asteroids, be given their own separate classification. Although a number of the larger members of this group were initially described as planets, in 2006 the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto and its largest neighbours as dwarf planets, leaving Neptune the farthest known planet in the Solar System.Today, the astronomical community widely agrees that Planet X, as originally envisioned, does not exist, but the concept of Planet X has been revived by a number of astronomers to explain other anomalies observed in the outer Solar System. In popular culture, and even among some astronomers, Planet X has become a stand-in term for any undiscovered planet in the outer Solar System, regardless of its relationship to Lowell's hypothesis. Other trans-Neptunian planets have also been suggested, based on different evidence. As of March 2014, observations with the WISE telescope have ruled out the possibility of a Saturn-sized object out to 10,000 AU, and a Jupiter-sized or larger object out to 26,000 AU.