Keynesian Economics
... The investment multiplier is always equal to the same value as the government spending multiplier The investment and government spending multipliers are always positive The tax multiplier is always negative The spending multiplier is always greater than the tax multiplier because consumers t ...
... The investment multiplier is always equal to the same value as the government spending multiplier The investment and government spending multipliers are always positive The tax multiplier is always negative The spending multiplier is always greater than the tax multiplier because consumers t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SUDDEN STOPS AND OUTPUT DROPS V.V. Chari
... in models like our prototype growth model. A sudden stop that produces an increase in net exports in the small open economy thus also leads to an increase in output. We demonstrate this quantitatively with data from Mexico in the mid-1990s. In three other studies, researchers have built small open-e ...
... in models like our prototype growth model. A sudden stop that produces an increase in net exports in the small open economy thus also leads to an increase in output. We demonstrate this quantitatively with data from Mexico in the mid-1990s. In three other studies, researchers have built small open-e ...
PDF Download
... From Table 1 it becomes clear that the shadow economy includes unreported income from the production of legal goods and services either from monetary or barter transactions – hence all economic activities which would generally be taxable if they were reported to the state (tax) authorities. ...
... From Table 1 it becomes clear that the shadow economy includes unreported income from the production of legal goods and services either from monetary or barter transactions – hence all economic activities which would generally be taxable if they were reported to the state (tax) authorities. ...
Mission Impossible III: Measuring the Informal Sector in a - cerge-ei
... Lizerri was already using this method in 1979. To measure the size of the underground economy in transition countries Kaufman and Kaliberda began with the assumption that in 1989, most of these countries had an underground sector of 12% of GDP. They also assume that electricity consumption reacts wi ...
... Lizerri was already using this method in 1979. To measure the size of the underground economy in transition countries Kaufman and Kaliberda began with the assumption that in 1989, most of these countries had an underground sector of 12% of GDP. They also assume that electricity consumption reacts wi ...
the canadian economy - Canadian Foundation for Economic
... Our economic system is also often referred to as a mixed economy because it involves both private and public ownership of capital and resources. Goods and services are produced and provided by both governments and privately owned companies. So What? How Does the Economy Affect Us? So there you go. T ...
... Our economic system is also often referred to as a mixed economy because it involves both private and public ownership of capital and resources. Goods and services are produced and provided by both governments and privately owned companies. So What? How Does the Economy Affect Us? So there you go. T ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 12: Agg Demand in the Open Economy
... Understanding the crisis In the early 1990s, Mexico was an attractive place for foreign investment. During 1994, political developments caused an increase in Mexico’s risk premium ( ): • peasant uprising in Chiapas • assassination of leading presidential candidate Another factor: The Federal Reser ...
... Understanding the crisis In the early 1990s, Mexico was an attractive place for foreign investment. During 1994, political developments caused an increase in Mexico’s risk premium ( ): • peasant uprising in Chiapas • assassination of leading presidential candidate Another factor: The Federal Reser ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... country risk: The risk that the country’s borrowers will default on their loan repayments because of political or economic turmoil. Lenders require a higher interest rate to compensate them for this risk. expected exchange rate changes: If a country’s exchange rate is expected to fall, then its ...
... country risk: The risk that the country’s borrowers will default on their loan repayments because of political or economic turmoil. Lenders require a higher interest rate to compensate them for this risk. expected exchange rate changes: If a country’s exchange rate is expected to fall, then its ...
Mankiw 5/e Chapter 12: Agg Demand in the Open Economy
... Understanding the crisis In the early 1990s, Mexico was an attractive place for foreign investment. During 1994, political developments caused an increase in Mexico’s risk premium ( ): • peasant uprising in Chiapas • assassination of leading presidential candidate Another factor: The Federal Reser ...
... Understanding the crisis In the early 1990s, Mexico was an attractive place for foreign investment. During 1994, political developments caused an increase in Mexico’s risk premium ( ): • peasant uprising in Chiapas • assassination of leading presidential candidate Another factor: The Federal Reser ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... country risk: The risk that the country’s borrowers will default on their loan repayments because of political or economic turmoil. Lenders require a higher interest rate to compensate them for this risk. expected exchange rate changes: If a country’s exchange rate is expected to fall, then its ...
... country risk: The risk that the country’s borrowers will default on their loan repayments because of political or economic turmoil. Lenders require a higher interest rate to compensate them for this risk. expected exchange rate changes: If a country’s exchange rate is expected to fall, then its ...
CHAPTER 12 - Economics
... Understanding the crisis In the early 1990s, Mexico was an attractive place for foreign investment. During 1994, political developments caused an increase in Mexico’s risk premium ( ): • peasant uprising in Chiapas • assassination of leading presidential candidate Another factor: The Federal Reser ...
... Understanding the crisis In the early 1990s, Mexico was an attractive place for foreign investment. During 1994, political developments caused an increase in Mexico’s risk premium ( ): • peasant uprising in Chiapas • assassination of leading presidential candidate Another factor: The Federal Reser ...
Shadow Economy in Mediterranean Countries
... the size of hidden economy, by measuring the “traces” it leaves in the official statistics. They are often called “indicator” approaches and use mainly macroeconomics data. This kind of methods include six categories: (1) Discrepancy between national expenditure and income statistics; (2) The discre ...
... the size of hidden economy, by measuring the “traces” it leaves in the official statistics. They are often called “indicator” approaches and use mainly macroeconomics data. This kind of methods include six categories: (1) Discrepancy between national expenditure and income statistics; (2) The discre ...
The shadow economy in industrial countries
... analyzed and how is it being measured. Indirect and direct methods yield different estimates of the size of the shadow economy. The search for the best methods for estimating the size of the shadow economy has intensified and has focused mainly on the widely used indirect methods such as the monetar ...
... analyzed and how is it being measured. Indirect and direct methods yield different estimates of the size of the shadow economy. The search for the best methods for estimating the size of the shadow economy has intensified and has focused mainly on the widely used indirect methods such as the monetar ...
The Development of Informal Employment During the Financial
... informal economy and informal economy have caused a heavy blow, but the informal economy is not only no collapse phenomenon Instead, earlier perceived volatility of the economic system, and in the recovery phase, its growth rate far higher than the growth of the informal economy, which confirms the ...
... informal economy and informal economy have caused a heavy blow, but the informal economy is not only no collapse phenomenon Instead, earlier perceived volatility of the economic system, and in the recovery phase, its growth rate far higher than the growth of the informal economy, which confirms the ...
Harmonized approach to the informal economy in different
... Convincing people that they should pay taxes. That it is moral, fair, that paying taxes is not a shame, tax evasion should not be national sport. It is not truth, that nobody pays taxes. See prisoner’s dilemma: if everybody believes that inflation will increase, it will increase, if everybody believ ...
... Convincing people that they should pay taxes. That it is moral, fair, that paying taxes is not a shame, tax evasion should not be national sport. It is not truth, that nobody pays taxes. See prisoner’s dilemma: if everybody believes that inflation will increase, it will increase, if everybody believ ...
Classical Macroeconomics and the Self
... According to the classical view of the economy, then, Say’s law holds both in a barter economy and in a money economy. In a money economy, according to classical economists, interest rates will adjust to equate saving and investment. Therefore, any fall in consumption (and consequent rise in sav ...
... According to the classical view of the economy, then, Say’s law holds both in a barter economy and in a money economy. In a money economy, according to classical economists, interest rates will adjust to equate saving and investment. Therefore, any fall in consumption (and consequent rise in sav ...
Homework #5
... about what you are saying about yourself when you do any work for someone else! 1. Use the Keynesian Model to answer this set of questions. Suppose that in the economy we are analyzing that the consumption function is given as C = 100 + .5(Y – T) and that taxes are autonomous and equal to $40 millio ...
... about what you are saying about yourself when you do any work for someone else! 1. Use the Keynesian Model to answer this set of questions. Suppose that in the economy we are analyzing that the consumption function is given as C = 100 + .5(Y – T) and that taxes are autonomous and equal to $40 millio ...
The Open Economy Revisited: the Mundell
... country risk: The risk that the country’s borrowers will default on their loan repayments because of political or economic turmoil. Lenders require a higher interest rate to compensate them for this risk. expected exchange rate changes: If a country’s exchange rate is expected to fall, then its ...
... country risk: The risk that the country’s borrowers will default on their loan repayments because of political or economic turmoil. Lenders require a higher interest rate to compensate them for this risk. expected exchange rate changes: If a country’s exchange rate is expected to fall, then its ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUSINESS CYCLES, CONSUMPTION AND RISK-SHARING: Chadwick C. Curtis
... overtake Japan as the world's second largest. Its sustained growth in real per capita GDP, at an average of 8.6 percent from 1978-2007, is high by any standard.2 While there has been a good deal of economic research done on China, most of it has been on microeconomic issues. Given the pace of global ...
... overtake Japan as the world's second largest. Its sustained growth in real per capita GDP, at an average of 8.6 percent from 1978-2007, is high by any standard.2 While there has been a good deal of economic research done on China, most of it has been on microeconomic issues. Given the pace of global ...
Lecture 2
... One can argue that the choices a person makes so as to give shape to her life is a personal matter, something over which no meddling ethicist should have a say. "How much should I save for my children?" involves considerations that differ from the reasoning a person engages in when asking, "How sho ...
... One can argue that the choices a person makes so as to give shape to her life is a personal matter, something over which no meddling ethicist should have a say. "How much should I save for my children?" involves considerations that differ from the reasoning a person engages in when asking, "How sho ...
The Production Possibilities Frontier
... If the economy is pushed beyond the PPF, its unemployment rate being driven below the 5-6 percent band, we say the economy is “overheated.” Points very far beyond the PPF are simply out of reach (in real terms). Strong market forces pushing in this direction will impinge on prices rather than on qua ...
... If the economy is pushed beyond the PPF, its unemployment rate being driven below the 5-6 percent band, we say the economy is “overheated.” Points very far beyond the PPF are simply out of reach (in real terms). Strong market forces pushing in this direction will impinge on prices rather than on qua ...
Economic Outlook
... BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY’S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODY’S from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provide ...
... BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY’S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODY’S from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provide ...
From the Great Recession to the New Normal
... BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY’S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODY’S from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provide ...
... BY ANY PERSON WITHOUT MOODY’S PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT. All information contained herein is obtained by MOODY’S from sources believed by it to be accurate and reliable. Because of the possibility of human or mechanical error as well as other factors, however, all information contained herein is provide ...
SIZE AND IMPLICATION OF UNDERGROUND ECONOMY IN ROMANIA
... the formal to informal sector. We consider that the positive sign of population activity rate means that labour is underground economy part only in recession periods and the negative sign suggests a steady labour stream between the formal and underground sectors. The real GDP index position in the m ...
... the formal to informal sector. We consider that the positive sign of population activity rate means that labour is underground economy part only in recession periods and the negative sign suggests a steady labour stream between the formal and underground sectors. The real GDP index position in the m ...
Sharing economy
.svg?width=300)
A sharing economy can take a variety of forms, including using information technology to provide individuals, corporations, non-profits and governments with information that enables the optimization of resources through the redistribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services. A common premise is that when information about goods is shared (typically via an online marketplace), the value of those goods may increase for the business, for individuals, for the community and for society in general.Collaborative consumption as a phenomenon is a class of economic arrangements in which participants share access to products or services, rather than having individual ownership.The collaborative consumption model is used in online marketplaces such as eBay as well as emerging sectors such as social lending, peer-to-peer accommodation, peer-to-peer travel experiences, peer-to-peer task assignments or travel advising, car sharing or commute-bus sharing.