The Urinary System
... 1. The wall of the glomerular capillaries, which is a single layer of flattened endothelial cells. It is perforated by many large pores that make it over 100 times more permeable to H2O and solutes than capillaries elsewhere in the body. 2. The basement membrane, which is an acellular (lacking cells ...
... 1. The wall of the glomerular capillaries, which is a single layer of flattened endothelial cells. It is perforated by many large pores that make it over 100 times more permeable to H2O and solutes than capillaries elsewhere in the body. 2. The basement membrane, which is an acellular (lacking cells ...
Chronic Kidney Disease: Detection and Evaluation
... per minute per 1.73 m2 in young adults, and decreases by an average of 1 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 per year after 30 years of age.9 A GFR less than 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 represents a loss of at least one-half of normal kidney function; below this level, there is an increased prevalence of CKD ...
... per minute per 1.73 m2 in young adults, and decreases by an average of 1 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 per year after 30 years of age.9 A GFR less than 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 represents a loss of at least one-half of normal kidney function; below this level, there is an increased prevalence of CKD ...
Pathophysiology of kidney
... (formation of primary urine in the kidney cells), reabsorption (ion transport, liquids, proteins, amino acids, glucose and other substances from the lumen of the renal tubules into the lumen of the capillaries of the secondary network) secretion (Transport ions, liquids and other substances in the t ...
... (formation of primary urine in the kidney cells), reabsorption (ion transport, liquids, proteins, amino acids, glucose and other substances from the lumen of the renal tubules into the lumen of the capillaries of the secondary network) secretion (Transport ions, liquids and other substances in the t ...
Renal System Notes
... Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) • Volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (120–125 ml/min) • Governed by (and directly proportional to) – Total surface area available for filtration – Filtration membrane permeability – Net Filtration Pressure ...
... Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) • Volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (120–125 ml/min) • Governed by (and directly proportional to) – Total surface area available for filtration – Filtration membrane permeability – Net Filtration Pressure ...
Ch35_renal function
... that primarily affects the kidneys. The disease, which is inherited as an autosomal trait, results in the formation of fluid-filled cysts in both kidneys with the threat of progression to chronic renal failure. Other manifestations of the disease include hypertension, cardiovascular abnormalities, cer ...
... that primarily affects the kidneys. The disease, which is inherited as an autosomal trait, results in the formation of fluid-filled cysts in both kidneys with the threat of progression to chronic renal failure. Other manifestations of the disease include hypertension, cardiovascular abnormalities, cer ...
Evaluation of Hematuria - Turner White Communications
... especially if the pain is colicky in nature.31 Patients with nephrolithiasis are often writhing in pain and in distress and have difficulty finding a comfortable position. The pain may remain in the flank or spread downward toward the ipsilateral groin, testis, or vulva. This referred pain is explai ...
... especially if the pain is colicky in nature.31 Patients with nephrolithiasis are often writhing in pain and in distress and have difficulty finding a comfortable position. The pain may remain in the flank or spread downward toward the ipsilateral groin, testis, or vulva. This referred pain is explai ...
Renal Failure - American College of Radiology
... process) as the cause [4]. Prerenal causes of AKI relate to hypoperfusion or hypovolemia. A clinical suspicion of AKI usually leads to a fluid challenge with central monitoring and correction of the hypovolemic state, which corrects the renal failure. A common exception to this approach is the patie ...
... process) as the cause [4]. Prerenal causes of AKI relate to hypoperfusion or hypovolemia. A clinical suspicion of AKI usually leads to a fluid challenge with central monitoring and correction of the hypovolemic state, which corrects the renal failure. A common exception to this approach is the patie ...
Chapter 16_17_Urogenital - V14-Study
... the urachus, which extends from the apex of the developing urinary bladder to the umbilicus. 29. What is the trigone of the bladder and how does it develop (from what tissue is it formed)? The triangular region on the dorsal wall of the adult bladder is called the trigone, which is the result of the ...
... the urachus, which extends from the apex of the developing urinary bladder to the umbilicus. 29. What is the trigone of the bladder and how does it develop (from what tissue is it formed)? The triangular region on the dorsal wall of the adult bladder is called the trigone, which is the result of the ...
Classic Signs in Uroradiology1
... Figures 18, 19. Kidney sweat. (18) Longitudinal US image of the left kidney in a patient with acute renal failure reveals a sliver of fluid in a subcapsular location (arrow). This appearance has been called kidney sweat. Similar findings were seen on the right. (19) In another patient with acute renal ...
... Figures 18, 19. Kidney sweat. (18) Longitudinal US image of the left kidney in a patient with acute renal failure reveals a sliver of fluid in a subcapsular location (arrow). This appearance has been called kidney sweat. Similar findings were seen on the right. (19) In another patient with acute renal ...
What Your Kidneys Do - Health Online
... best food sources of iron are iron-fortified breads and cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, and beans such as red, black, and pinto. • EPO injections. Your doctor may also start you on EPO to help your bone marrow produce more red blood cells. When your body does not produce enough E ...
... best food sources of iron are iron-fortified breads and cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, and beans such as red, black, and pinto. • EPO injections. Your doctor may also start you on EPO to help your bone marrow produce more red blood cells. When your body does not produce enough E ...
Anatomy of the Urinary System
... across a filtration membrane from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule. The !1uid entering Bowman's capsule is called the filtrate. WHArS IN A WORD The term glomerulus comes from the Latin term meaning "bal\" or "globe. " Indeed, the glomemlus is like a ball or tuft of capillaries. This arrangement, r ...
... across a filtration membrane from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule. The !1uid entering Bowman's capsule is called the filtrate. WHArS IN A WORD The term glomerulus comes from the Latin term meaning "bal\" or "globe. " Indeed, the glomemlus is like a ball or tuft of capillaries. This arrangement, r ...
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
... The term "clearance" has been applied to the value computed by this equation. The reason for this term is that the value represents the quantity of blood plasma from which the substance in question (in this case, inulin) has been completely removed (cleared) during its passage through the kidney Cre ...
... The term "clearance" has been applied to the value computed by this equation. The reason for this term is that the value represents the quantity of blood plasma from which the substance in question (in this case, inulin) has been completely removed (cleared) during its passage through the kidney Cre ...
full text pdf
... period convenient for routine ultrasound examinations. In this period, dilatation of the urinary tract (as indirect sign of obstruction) can be detected in conjunction with some other structural anomalies and oligohydramnios, which suggest impaired kidney function [4, 5]. Griglin [6] and Blyth [7] h ...
... period convenient for routine ultrasound examinations. In this period, dilatation of the urinary tract (as indirect sign of obstruction) can be detected in conjunction with some other structural anomalies and oligohydramnios, which suggest impaired kidney function [4, 5]. Griglin [6] and Blyth [7] h ...
12 Physiologicoanatomical features of the renal system in children
... Acute Kidney Diseases Acute kidney disease may result from an injury or from poisoning. Any injury that results in loss of blood may reduce kidney function temporarily, but once the blood supply is replenished, the kidneys usually return to normal. Other kinds of acute kidney disease in children ar ...
... Acute Kidney Diseases Acute kidney disease may result from an injury or from poisoning. Any injury that results in loss of blood may reduce kidney function temporarily, but once the blood supply is replenished, the kidneys usually return to normal. Other kinds of acute kidney disease in children ar ...
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
... The term "clearance" has been applied to the value computed by this equation. The reason for this term is that the value represents the quantity of blood plasma from which the substance in question (in this case, inulin) has been completely removed (cleared) during its passage through the kidney Cre ...
... The term "clearance" has been applied to the value computed by this equation. The reason for this term is that the value represents the quantity of blood plasma from which the substance in question (in this case, inulin) has been completely removed (cleared) during its passage through the kidney Cre ...
RENAL PROTECTION IN PEDIATRIC CARDIAC SURGERY
... mannitol should result in a urine output greater than 0.5 mL/kg within 1 hour if a prerenal etiology dominates. b. The vasodilatory and natriuretic properties of furosemide are beneficial when administered early in the course of acute renal failure. c. In euvolemic patients, furosemide in an increme ...
... mannitol should result in a urine output greater than 0.5 mL/kg within 1 hour if a prerenal etiology dominates. b. The vasodilatory and natriuretic properties of furosemide are beneficial when administered early in the course of acute renal failure. c. In euvolemic patients, furosemide in an increme ...
The Excretory System
... The kidneys are made up of 2 different types of tissue and epithelial tissue is one. The epithelial tissue is made up of epithelial cells. This level of organization are found in the nephrons of the kidney. ...
... The kidneys are made up of 2 different types of tissue and epithelial tissue is one. The epithelial tissue is made up of epithelial cells. This level of organization are found in the nephrons of the kidney. ...
Renal Functional Reserve and Microalbuminuria in
... 120 minutes in the former but not in the latter (p<0.05 vs. baseline). The lack of renal functional reserve in nonresponders was significantly related (p<0.05) to the presence of higher levels of microalbuminuria. We conclude that the absence of renal functional reserve and increased microalbuminuri ...
... 120 minutes in the former but not in the latter (p<0.05 vs. baseline). The lack of renal functional reserve in nonresponders was significantly related (p<0.05) to the presence of higher levels of microalbuminuria. We conclude that the absence of renal functional reserve and increased microalbuminuri ...
Tech Guide
... secretion which occurs, glomerular filtration rate is underestimated by approximately 8 % and must be accounted for when measuring absolute GFR. Peak renal activity is reached after 3 minutes when 5 % of the injected activity is present in each kidney. ...
... secretion which occurs, glomerular filtration rate is underestimated by approximately 8 % and must be accounted for when measuring absolute GFR. Peak renal activity is reached after 3 minutes when 5 % of the injected activity is present in each kidney. ...
Effects of Nephron Loss on Renal Excretory Mechanisms
... When GFR<50%, glomerular compensation by hyperfiltration will cause glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal disease. This may be the "final common pathway" for CRF. This may also be the "trade-off" between adaptation and progressive renal failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and low prot ...
... When GFR<50%, glomerular compensation by hyperfiltration will cause glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal disease. This may be the "final common pathway" for CRF. This may also be the "trade-off" between adaptation and progressive renal failure. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and low prot ...
urinary system
... i. Outward pressure called glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP) inside glomerular capillaries i.e. this pressure pushes material out of the capillaries. ii. Inward in Bowman’s capsule iii. Net Filtration Pressure = outward pressure – inward pressure. Suppose outward pressure is 60 mmHg (millimete ...
... i. Outward pressure called glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP) inside glomerular capillaries i.e. this pressure pushes material out of the capillaries. ii. Inward in Bowman’s capsule iii. Net Filtration Pressure = outward pressure – inward pressure. Suppose outward pressure is 60 mmHg (millimete ...
ICS Objectives for Renal and Male Repro-2009-2010
... volume (intravascular volume) 2) CO 3) Arterial BP (systemic vascular resistance) 4) neural and endocrine factors that govern 1-3. It varies directly w/ ECF volume and Na content. In CHF there is a ↓EABV independent of ECF volume because ↓ CO causes Na retention↑ plasma and total ECF volume. A ↑ in ...
... volume (intravascular volume) 2) CO 3) Arterial BP (systemic vascular resistance) 4) neural and endocrine factors that govern 1-3. It varies directly w/ ECF volume and Na content. In CHF there is a ↓EABV independent of ECF volume because ↓ CO causes Na retention↑ plasma and total ECF volume. A ↑ in ...
Introduction to the Urinary System - Linn
... Reabsorption of some electrolytes such as Na+ Confined to the cortex ...
... Reabsorption of some electrolytes such as Na+ Confined to the cortex ...
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD, autosomal dominant PKD or adult-onset PKD) is the most prevalent, potentially lethal, monogenic human disorder. It is associated with large interfamilial and intrafamilial variability, which can be explained to a large extent by its genetic heterogeneity and modifier genes. It is also the most common of the inherited cystic kidney diseases — a group of disorders with related but distinct pathogenesis, characterized by the development of renal cysts and various extrarenal manifestations, which in case of ADPKD include cysts in other organs, such as the liver, seminal vesicles, pancreas, and arachnoid membrane, as well as other abnormalities, such as intracranial aneurysms and dolichoectasias, aortic root dilatation and aneurysms, mitral valve prolapse, and abdominal wall hernias. Over 50% of patients with ADPKD eventually develop end stage kidney disease and require dialysis or kidney transplantation. ADPKD is estimated to affect at least 1 in every 1000 individuals worldwide, making this disease the most common inherited kidney disorder with a diagnosed prevalence of 1:2000 and incidence of 1:3000-1:8000 in a global scale.