Deep Divergences of Human Gene Trees and
... a log-normal distribution with a mean and a standard deviation (on a log scale) of −18.148 and 0.5802 (Voight et al. 2005). We assume homogeneous cross-over rate along each sequence region. ...
... a log-normal distribution with a mean and a standard deviation (on a log scale) of −18.148 and 0.5802 (Voight et al. 2005). We assume homogeneous cross-over rate along each sequence region. ...
Quiz 6
... colonies with a single queen, called monogyne colonies. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that some colonies, called polygyne colonies, had multiple queens. Monogyne colonies produce more offspring in areas with few colonies, but have a reduced chance of survival in areas with many competing colon ...
... colonies with a single queen, called monogyne colonies. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that some colonies, called polygyne colonies, had multiple queens. Monogyne colonies produce more offspring in areas with few colonies, but have a reduced chance of survival in areas with many competing colon ...
Duchenne and Becker Types of Muscular Dystrophy
... creatine kinase (CK). This enzyme has an important function in muscle cells, however when muscle is being damaged CK leaks out of the muscle cells and into the blood stream causing elevated levels of CK. CK levels can be elevated in a number of different conditions that affect the muscles and are th ...
... creatine kinase (CK). This enzyme has an important function in muscle cells, however when muscle is being damaged CK leaks out of the muscle cells and into the blood stream causing elevated levels of CK. CK levels can be elevated in a number of different conditions that affect the muscles and are th ...
... supports the importance of PL for the initial stages of fungal host colonization. When detached watermelon seedling stems were inoculated, both transformed isolates caused significantly larger lesion development 24 and 48 h post inoculation (Fig. 4A). PL secretion during the colonization of watermel ...
Fine mapping of Restorer-of-fertility in pepper (Capsicum
... screened by application of only eight primer combinations randomly chosen among the selected primer combinations to all F2 individuals (160 individuals). The primer combinations in which marker genotype was consistent with fertility restoration phenotype of individuals in each recombinant pool were ...
... screened by application of only eight primer combinations randomly chosen among the selected primer combinations to all F2 individuals (160 individuals). The primer combinations in which marker genotype was consistent with fertility restoration phenotype of individuals in each recombinant pool were ...
Networks in leaf development
... the leaf primordium and repress FIL expression on the adaxial side of the leaf primordium. This demonstrates that FIL is actively excluded from the adaxial domain [32]. The role of YABBY genes in abaxial specification is not clear, however, because loss-of-function mutants do not have obvious dorsov ...
... the leaf primordium and repress FIL expression on the adaxial side of the leaf primordium. This demonstrates that FIL is actively excluded from the adaxial domain [32]. The role of YABBY genes in abaxial specification is not clear, however, because loss-of-function mutants do not have obvious dorsov ...
heterozygous nephew cystic fibrosis symptoms than her codon in
... accounts for 7-3% (10 out of 138 CF chromosomes) and the G458V mutation accounts for less than 1% (one out of 138 CF chromosomes) of all the CF chromosomes in this sample. Based on the quite mild clinical picture, one would have expected that the CF girl carried a mutation in a non-essential part of ...
... accounts for 7-3% (10 out of 138 CF chromosomes) and the G458V mutation accounts for less than 1% (one out of 138 CF chromosomes) of all the CF chromosomes in this sample. Based on the quite mild clinical picture, one would have expected that the CF girl carried a mutation in a non-essential part of ...
Anopheles gambiae APL1 Is a Family of Variable LRR Proteins
... that the previous APL1 gene represented the erroneous annotation of a gene family comprised of at least 3 tandem LRR-containing genes, here named APL1A, APL1B, and APL1C (Figure 1A). Each of the 3 genes has a short 59 exon followed by a small intron and a longer second exon, and each has a block of ...
... that the previous APL1 gene represented the erroneous annotation of a gene family comprised of at least 3 tandem LRR-containing genes, here named APL1A, APL1B, and APL1C (Figure 1A). Each of the 3 genes has a short 59 exon followed by a small intron and a longer second exon, and each has a block of ...
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore
... confirmed by PCR analysis and DNA sequencing (data not shown). ...
... confirmed by PCR analysis and DNA sequencing (data not shown). ...
Coevolutionary Construction of Features for Transformation of
... 2001)). After each generation, we estimate the contribution of each subpopulation to the entire solution basing on the fitness differential of the best individual. Subpopulations that do not contribute to the solution (or even deteriorate its evaluation) are re-initialized. The evaluation of the ent ...
... 2001)). After each generation, we estimate the contribution of each subpopulation to the entire solution basing on the fitness differential of the best individual. Subpopulations that do not contribute to the solution (or even deteriorate its evaluation) are re-initialized. The evaluation of the ent ...
Patients - HAL
... Many genes encoding proteins from the retinoid metabolism cause retinal dystrophies. They include RHO, which encodes rhodopsin and causes RP 3, ABCA4 responsible for Stargardt disease 4 and RP 5 cases, RDH12 6, 7 and RPE65 8, 9 which both cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and childhood-onset se ...
... Many genes encoding proteins from the retinoid metabolism cause retinal dystrophies. They include RHO, which encodes rhodopsin and causes RP 3, ABCA4 responsible for Stargardt disease 4 and RP 5 cases, RDH12 6, 7 and RPE65 8, 9 which both cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and childhood-onset se ...
N045038690
... category of problems solved by a GA, a fitness function must be provided. This choice is crucial to maximize the GA's performance. The fitness function assigns a fitness value for each individual called the individual score, and it is well-known to play an essential role in the genetic evolution [25 ...
... category of problems solved by a GA, a fitness function must be provided. This choice is crucial to maximize the GA's performance. The fitness function assigns a fitness value for each individual called the individual score, and it is well-known to play an essential role in the genetic evolution [25 ...
Mol Biol Evol-2015-Lipinska-15
... half the effective population size of autosomes (all else being equal) whereas in XY and ZW systems the Y/W and X/Z chromosomes have a quarter or three quarters the population size of autosomes, respectively. As far as sex-biased genes are concerned, masculinization or feminization of sex chromosome ...
... half the effective population size of autosomes (all else being equal) whereas in XY and ZW systems the Y/W and X/Z chromosomes have a quarter or three quarters the population size of autosomes, respectively. As far as sex-biased genes are concerned, masculinization or feminization of sex chromosome ...
COP9: A New Genetic Locus lnvolved in Light
... and a domain homologous to the p subunit of trimeric G-proteins (Deng et al., 1992). This nove1 structure suggests that the COR gene product not only has the potential to directly bind DNA through its Zn binding domain, it may also have the ability to interact with other protein components through i ...
... and a domain homologous to the p subunit of trimeric G-proteins (Deng et al., 1992). This nove1 structure suggests that the COR gene product not only has the potential to directly bind DNA through its Zn binding domain, it may also have the ability to interact with other protein components through i ...
The evolution of base composition and phylogenetic inference
... among species: biases in the process of mutation (Box 1), General patterns of base composition variation such that the rates of change from G·C « A·T are not conAt the level of the entire genome, GC content varies greatly stant in time or space11; and natural selection, either on within and among ma ...
... among species: biases in the process of mutation (Box 1), General patterns of base composition variation such that the rates of change from G·C « A·T are not conAt the level of the entire genome, GC content varies greatly stant in time or space11; and natural selection, either on within and among ma ...
Adaptive Evolution of Pelvic Reduction in Sticklebacks by Recurrent
... These data provide functional evidence that PelPitx1 is a major determinant of pelvic formation in sticklebacks. Nature of mutations in pelvic-reduced fish. Bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing from the PAXB population identified a 1868-bp deletion present in the Pel-2.5-kb region (fig. S7). W ...
... These data provide functional evidence that PelPitx1 is a major determinant of pelvic formation in sticklebacks. Nature of mutations in pelvic-reduced fish. Bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing from the PAXB population identified a 1868-bp deletion present in the Pel-2.5-kb region (fig. S7). W ...
Combinatorial library approaches for improving soluble protein
... display technologies). The mutation strategies that are available are fairly generic in that they may be applied to any gene irrespective of its function. In contrast, the screening or selection process is usually tightly linked to the activity of the encoded protein and it is often a challenge to d ...
... display technologies). The mutation strategies that are available are fairly generic in that they may be applied to any gene irrespective of its function. In contrast, the screening or selection process is usually tightly linked to the activity of the encoded protein and it is often a challenge to d ...
The Biology and Evolution of Mammalian Y Chromosomes
... has consistently and dramatically lagged behind that of autosomes and X chromosomes. This is true both in human genetics and in experimental genetic systems like Drosophila and mouse. Consider the human Y chromosome. In the first half of the 20th century, dozens of scientific publications claimed to ...
... has consistently and dramatically lagged behind that of autosomes and X chromosomes. This is true both in human genetics and in experimental genetic systems like Drosophila and mouse. Consider the human Y chromosome. In the first half of the 20th century, dozens of scientific publications claimed to ...
1 The Transformations of Darwinism
... a struggle for existence. By using these laws, it is possible to formulate Darwin’s theory in a very general and abstract way, without referring to our own world or to the types of reproduction, inheritance, variation, and competition with which we are familiar. For example, in British evolutionary ...
... a struggle for existence. By using these laws, it is possible to formulate Darwin’s theory in a very general and abstract way, without referring to our own world or to the types of reproduction, inheritance, variation, and competition with which we are familiar. For example, in British evolutionary ...
Computational Biology
... more common than fusions and fissions. Therefore use as a rule always to select reversals/translocations before fusions/fissions. Often, the list of good reversals contains nonoverlapping reversals, and the order in which these reversals are performed is often irrelevant. Compute for each good rever ...
... more common than fusions and fissions. Therefore use as a rule always to select reversals/translocations before fusions/fissions. Often, the list of good reversals contains nonoverlapping reversals, and the order in which these reversals are performed is often irrelevant. Compute for each good rever ...
Supplementary Discussion References
... performed according to Codelink protocol (GE Amersham Biosciences). In brief, 2 µg of total RNA from each DLPFC sample was transformed into cDNA by reversetranscription, cleaned on a column, and synthesized to biotinylated cRNA by in vitro transcription which made up to 50 µg of cRNA. The unfragmen ...
... performed according to Codelink protocol (GE Amersham Biosciences). In brief, 2 µg of total RNA from each DLPFC sample was transformed into cDNA by reversetranscription, cleaned on a column, and synthesized to biotinylated cRNA by in vitro transcription which made up to 50 µg of cRNA. The unfragmen ...
University of Groningen Regulation of hepatobiliary transport
... of bile is impaired. The causes underlying the development of cholestasis in patients can be extremely varied. It may occur through interference with canalicular secretion from the hepatocyte by drugs or toxins or due to genetic defects in specific transporters. Recently, it has become clear that nu ...
... of bile is impaired. The causes underlying the development of cholestasis in patients can be extremely varied. It may occur through interference with canalicular secretion from the hepatocyte by drugs or toxins or due to genetic defects in specific transporters. Recently, it has become clear that nu ...
Activation of Silent Genes by Transposons Tn5 and TnlO
... scored for inheritance of resistance to kanamycin (for revertants arising in the presence of a T n 5 element) or tetracycline (for those arising in the presence of Tn10). This permitted identification of the 11 revertants caused by insertion of complete T n 5 elements and the 2 revertants caused by ...
... scored for inheritance of resistance to kanamycin (for revertants arising in the presence of a T n 5 element) or tetracycline (for those arising in the presence of Tn10). This permitted identification of the 11 revertants caused by insertion of complete T n 5 elements and the 2 revertants caused by ...