Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity
... biomass production increases with diversity more rapidly than its standard deviation. Statistical averaging occurs when random variation in the population abundances of different species reduces the variability of aggregate ecosystem variables43. Compensatory dynamics are driven by competitive inter ...
... biomass production increases with diversity more rapidly than its standard deviation. Statistical averaging occurs when random variation in the population abundances of different species reduces the variability of aggregate ecosystem variables43. Compensatory dynamics are driven by competitive inter ...
Human impacts on how savanna plants interact through fire, resources,... A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
... of Bews Herbarium at UKZN, Richard Boon, David Styles, Rob Scott-Shaw, and Debbie Jewitt. I could trace such influences more inclusively, or further back in time, but I must stop somewhere; I thank my parents for getting me into nature and all my other teachers, academic and personal. ...
... of Bews Herbarium at UKZN, Richard Boon, David Styles, Rob Scott-Shaw, and Debbie Jewitt. I could trace such influences more inclusively, or further back in time, but I must stop somewhere; I thank my parents for getting me into nature and all my other teachers, academic and personal. ...
Streaked horned lark habitat selection and restoration, by Scott F
... Streaked horned lark habitat selection and restoration, by Scott F. Pearson The streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) is a recognized subspecies of horned lark. Its breeding range is from the Puget Trough to the Willamette Valley. It has been extirpated from British Columbia, norther ...
... Streaked horned lark habitat selection and restoration, by Scott F. Pearson The streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) is a recognized subspecies of horned lark. Its breeding range is from the Puget Trough to the Willamette Valley. It has been extirpated from British Columbia, norther ...
Global Invasive Species Database
... damage, including millions of dollars in damages to agriculture; injury and death to people, domestic animals and wildlife; and millions of dollars in damage to electrical and communication systems, and other electrical equipment. The history of its invasiveness (see Appendix 1) shows that once esta ...
... damage, including millions of dollars in damages to agriculture; injury and death to people, domestic animals and wildlife; and millions of dollars in damage to electrical and communication systems, and other electrical equipment. The history of its invasiveness (see Appendix 1) shows that once esta ...
Collaborative Adaptive Management in Practice: Case
... having key interests represented and engaged in collaborative problem-solving, the resulting decisions would likely be more fair (in the eyes of those affected), efficient (in terms of creating solutions with more value), stable (over time), and wise (according to the information available at the ti ...
... having key interests represented and engaged in collaborative problem-solving, the resulting decisions would likely be more fair (in the eyes of those affected), efficient (in terms of creating solutions with more value), stable (over time), and wise (according to the information available at the ti ...
Changes in grassland songbird abundances through the northern mixed-grass prairie.
... Grasslands National Park and adjacent Mankota Community Pastures in southern Saskatchewan. Solid lines represent a significant interaction between year and treatment when compared to abundances in unburned-ungrazed pastures. Figure 3. Mean abundance, per year (2007-2011), of chestnut-collared longsp ...
... Grasslands National Park and adjacent Mankota Community Pastures in southern Saskatchewan. Solid lines represent a significant interaction between year and treatment when compared to abundances in unburned-ungrazed pastures. Figure 3. Mean abundance, per year (2007-2011), of chestnut-collared longsp ...
Community Abstract Mesic Prairie
... destruction of mesic southern forest (beech-sugar maple forest or sugar maple-basswood forest) by fire (Curtis 1959, Grimm 1984). Evidence for its origin from mesic forest is based on soil type, landscape position, vegetation, and observation (Curtis 1959, Chapman 1984, Caton 1870 in Curtis 1959). I ...
... destruction of mesic southern forest (beech-sugar maple forest or sugar maple-basswood forest) by fire (Curtis 1959, Grimm 1984). Evidence for its origin from mesic forest is based on soil type, landscape position, vegetation, and observation (Curtis 1959, Chapman 1984, Caton 1870 in Curtis 1959). I ...
Ecosystems and Their Services - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... considering the interactions among the parts of the system. For instance, the draining of wetlands may increase food production, but sound decisions also require information on whether the potential added costs associated with the increased risk of downstream flooding or other changes in ecosystem s ...
... considering the interactions among the parts of the system. For instance, the draining of wetlands may increase food production, but sound decisions also require information on whether the potential added costs associated with the increased risk of downstream flooding or other changes in ecosystem s ...
Facts for Steel Buildings #1: Fire Facts
... affected by the fuel content, and are quite different from the standard time-temperature curve. As expected, higher fuel loads cause longer and hotter fires under uncontrolled conditions. The standard fire time-temperature curve between 1 to 4 hours provides a reasonably good estimate of the maximum ...
... affected by the fuel content, and are quite different from the standard time-temperature curve. As expected, higher fuel loads cause longer and hotter fires under uncontrolled conditions. The standard fire time-temperature curve between 1 to 4 hours provides a reasonably good estimate of the maximum ...
old-growth savannahs and tropical ecosystem
... classified savannahs as a secondary formation. The notion of savannahs as young vegetation, successional to forest was reinforced by their observations that agricultural fallows in ‘savannah’ were quickly recolonized by grasses and developed into a grass-dominated fire-climax within 20 years; perhap ...
... classified savannahs as a secondary formation. The notion of savannahs as young vegetation, successional to forest was reinforced by their observations that agricultural fallows in ‘savannah’ were quickly recolonized by grasses and developed into a grass-dominated fire-climax within 20 years; perhap ...
The current status of research on Solenopsis invicta Buren
... impacts, quarantine techniques, potential distribution and risk of spread, besides monitoring and management techniques. To date, S. invicta has been found in five provinces in South China and has the potential to spread further north, not only by natural dispersal but also by human transportation. ...
... impacts, quarantine techniques, potential distribution and risk of spread, besides monitoring and management techniques. To date, S. invicta has been found in five provinces in South China and has the potential to spread further north, not only by natural dispersal but also by human transportation. ...
Conservation Handbook for the Gopher Tortoise in Georgia
... that prescribed fire is detrimental to wildlife and forests, a misconception that can be one of the most significant problems for land managers attempting to burn their land. If you can increase public understanding of the many benefits to the pine ecosystem that come from active management, such a ...
... that prescribed fire is detrimental to wildlife and forests, a misconception that can be one of the most significant problems for land managers attempting to burn their land. If you can increase public understanding of the many benefits to the pine ecosystem that come from active management, such a ...
Grassland Ecology - Kansas State University
... coupled with slow decomposition and weathering rates leads to significant accumulations of soil organic matter and often highly fertile soils. • Climate, fire, and grazing are three important drivers that affect the composition, structure, and functioning of grasslands. In addition to the independen ...
... coupled with slow decomposition and weathering rates leads to significant accumulations of soil organic matter and often highly fertile soils. • Climate, fire, and grazing are three important drivers that affect the composition, structure, and functioning of grasslands. In addition to the independen ...
THE EFFECTS OF FIRE AND GRAZING MANAGEMENT ON
... higher in the annually burned site but not significantly so. In the seedling emergence trial, no consistent trend was identified in individual treatments but emergence was generally favored in control plots (associated with standing vegetation), and reduced in clipped plots (associated with a short ...
... higher in the annually burned site but not significantly so. In the seedling emergence trial, no consistent trend was identified in individual treatments but emergence was generally favored in control plots (associated with standing vegetation), and reduced in clipped plots (associated with a short ...
Chapter 8 Restoration Strategies - Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery
... Garry Oak ecosystems were maintained by the activities of First Nations prior to the arrival of Europeans (Chapter 2: Distribution and Description and Chapter 3: Natural Processes and Disturbance). Complex social and cultural practices were responsible for creation of the ecosystems that greeted the ...
... Garry Oak ecosystems were maintained by the activities of First Nations prior to the arrival of Europeans (Chapter 2: Distribution and Description and Chapter 3: Natural Processes and Disturbance). Complex social and cultural practices were responsible for creation of the ecosystems that greeted the ...
Predicting Changes in Community Composition and Ecosystem
... 1. The concept of plant functional type proposes that species can be grouped according to common responses to the environment and/or common effects on ecosystem processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as r ...
... 1. The concept of plant functional type proposes that species can be grouped according to common responses to the environment and/or common effects on ecosystem processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as r ...
Prairie Ecosystem Management - Alberta Prairie Conservation Forum
... dominant agent. In the 1700’s, for example, the pattern of wallows and mounds in the prairie ecosystem was small, irregular patches that were widely scattered. These disturbances were ephemeral as animals moved about the landscape. Since the late 1800’s, the amount and pattern of surface disturbance ...
... dominant agent. In the 1700’s, for example, the pattern of wallows and mounds in the prairie ecosystem was small, irregular patches that were widely scattered. These disturbances were ephemeral as animals moved about the landscape. Since the late 1800’s, the amount and pattern of surface disturbance ...
MN Rangelands final
... and even insects make home in these complex ecosystems. Plants, water, and soils on rangelands provide unique environments for wild animals and plants, including threatened and endangered plant and animal species. Some rangelands are designated as special protection areas for wildlife. The varied ...
... and even insects make home in these complex ecosystems. Plants, water, and soils on rangelands provide unique environments for wild animals and plants, including threatened and endangered plant and animal species. Some rangelands are designated as special protection areas for wildlife. The varied ...
Desert Tortoise Use of Burned Habitat in the Eastern Mojave Desert
... burned and unburned areas indicating that tortoises were able to acquire necessary resources using both areas. This study documents that adult Mojave desert tortoises continue to use habitat burned once by wildfire. Thus, continued management of this burned habitat may contribute toward the recovery ...
... burned and unburned areas indicating that tortoises were able to acquire necessary resources using both areas. This study documents that adult Mojave desert tortoises continue to use habitat burned once by wildfire. Thus, continued management of this burned habitat may contribute toward the recovery ...
Disturbance and Diversity in Low-Productivity
... understood when the disturbance–diversity and productivity–diversity relationships are jointly considered as part of the same theoretical framework (e.g., Grime, 1977; Huston, 1994). Grime’s 1979 CSR theory (Grime, 2001) and Huston’s (1994) dynamic equilibrium model (DEM) are both based on a disturb ...
... understood when the disturbance–diversity and productivity–diversity relationships are jointly considered as part of the same theoretical framework (e.g., Grime, 1977; Huston, 1994). Grime’s 1979 CSR theory (Grime, 2001) and Huston’s (1994) dynamic equilibrium model (DEM) are both based on a disturb ...
Nutrient availability induces contrasting allocation and starch
... 3. Plant size (dry mass and shoot length), leaf area and stomatal conductance did not differ consistently among resprouters and obligate seeders, but were affected by water and nutrient availability. Leaf-area ratio and specific leaf area were not affected consistently by nutrient or water availabil ...
... 3. Plant size (dry mass and shoot length), leaf area and stomatal conductance did not differ consistently among resprouters and obligate seeders, but were affected by water and nutrient availability. Leaf-area ratio and specific leaf area were not affected consistently by nutrient or water availabil ...
The Tall grass Prairie in Illinois
... such as bison, elk, deer, rabbits, and grasshoppers. This grazing was an integral part of the prairie ecosystem, and therefore grasslands and ungulate mammals coevolved together. Grazing increased growth in prairies, recycles nitrogen through urine and feces, and the trampling opens up habitat for p ...
... such as bison, elk, deer, rabbits, and grasshoppers. This grazing was an integral part of the prairie ecosystem, and therefore grasslands and ungulate mammals coevolved together. Grazing increased growth in prairies, recycles nitrogen through urine and feces, and the trampling opens up habitat for p ...
Download appendices
... Population Reference Site (PopRefSite) The Population Reference Site (PopRefSite) is the primary data table in establishing plant or animal population sites. The PopRefSite identifies the Population Name, whether it is In situ, Ex situ or Reintro, and provides directions to the site, etc. The PopRef ...
... Population Reference Site (PopRefSite) The Population Reference Site (PopRefSite) is the primary data table in establishing plant or animal population sites. The PopRefSite identifies the Population Name, whether it is In situ, Ex situ or Reintro, and provides directions to the site, etc. The PopRef ...
... exotic species, large-scale fires, and climate change. Predicted effects of climate change on recruitment ofblackbrush make it unlikely that blackbrush will persist in place. Blackbrush has little resistance to invasion by exotic species and very little resilience to subsequent large-scale fires . B ...
Fire ecology
Fire ecology is concerned with the processes linking the natural incidence of fire in an ecosystem and the ecological effects of this fire. Many ecosystems, particularly prairie, savanna, chaparral and coniferous forests, have evolved with fire as a necessary contributor to habitat vitality and renewal. Many plant species in naturally fire-affected environments require fire to germinate, establish, or to reproduce. Wildfire suppression not only eliminates these species, but also the animals that depend upon them. Finally, fire suppression can lead to the build-up of flammable debris and the creation of less frequent but much larger and more destructive wildfires.Campaigns in the United States have historically molded public opinion to believe that wildfires are always harmful to nature. This view is based on the outdated belief that ecosystems progress toward an equilibrium and that any disturbance, such as fire, disrupts the harmony of nature. More recent ecological research has shown, however, that fire is an integral component in the function and biodiversity of many natural habitats, and that the organisms within these communities have adapted to withstand, and even to exploit, natural wildfire. More generally, fire is now regarded as a 'natural disturbance', similar to flooding, wind-storms, and landslides, that has driven the evolution of species and controls the characteristics of ecosystems. The map below right shows how each ecosystem type in the United States has a characteristic frequency of fire, ranging from once every 10 years to once every 500 years. Natural disturbances can be described by key factors such as frequency, intensity and area. The map also shows intensity, since some fires are understory fires (light burns that affect mostly understory plants) while others are stand replacement fires (intense fires that tend to kill the adult trees as well.)Fire suppression, in combination with other human-caused environmental changes, has resulted in unforeseen consequences for natural ecosystems. Some uncharacteristically large wildfires in the United States have been caused as a consequence of years of fire suppression and the continuing expansion of people into fire-adapted ecosystems. Land managers are faced with tough questions regarding where to restore a natural fire regime.