Draft Discussion Paper Ilaria Carrozza ESCAP/FfD/04/2015
... In the absence of an internationally acknowledged definition of climate finance, this paper follows the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) definition as “local, national or transnational financing, which may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financi ...
... In the absence of an internationally acknowledged definition of climate finance, this paper follows the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) definition as “local, national or transnational financing, which may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financi ...
To What Extent Are African Countries Vulnerable to Climate
... seem to be well below what would be required. This makes it all the more necessary to allocate these resources according to criteria which reflect the countries’ adaptation needs, as well as their capacity to effectively use the resources to this end. From that perspective, the country vulnerability ...
... seem to be well below what would be required. This makes it all the more necessary to allocate these resources according to criteria which reflect the countries’ adaptation needs, as well as their capacity to effectively use the resources to this end. From that perspective, the country vulnerability ...
International Executive Agreements on Climate Change Hannah Chang*
... potentially catastrophic interference with the global climate system; nor does it establish a deadline for the signing of a binding ...
... potentially catastrophic interference with the global climate system; nor does it establish a deadline for the signing of a binding ...
Aviation and global climate change in the 21st century
... a global RF for aviation cirrus with a mean value of 30 mW m2 and an uncertainty range of 10–80 mW m2, assuming similar optical properties to very thin cirrus. IPCC AR4 WGI adopted these values with the caveat that 30 mW m2 does not constitute a ‘best estimate’ in the same qualitative sense as ot ...
... a global RF for aviation cirrus with a mean value of 30 mW m2 and an uncertainty range of 10–80 mW m2, assuming similar optical properties to very thin cirrus. IPCC AR4 WGI adopted these values with the caveat that 30 mW m2 does not constitute a ‘best estimate’ in the same qualitative sense as ot ...
Ocean dynamics determine the response of oceanic CO2 uptake to
... The main scope of this study is to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the projected changes in CO2 uptake by the oceans. For that reason we evaluate two transient simulations of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), consisting of the atmosphere, the ocean including the bioge ...
... The main scope of this study is to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the projected changes in CO2 uptake by the oceans. For that reason we evaluate two transient simulations of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM), consisting of the atmosphere, the ocean including the bioge ...
Paying for Mitigation: A Multiple Country Study
... At the end of 2009, representatives from governments around the world gathered in Copenhagen to address the threat of climate change. The outcome revealed vast differences among the countries regarding the willingness to commit to reductions of greenhouse gases, and it is clear that future negotiati ...
... At the end of 2009, representatives from governments around the world gathered in Copenhagen to address the threat of climate change. The outcome revealed vast differences among the countries regarding the willingness to commit to reductions of greenhouse gases, and it is clear that future negotiati ...
Response and potential of agroforestry crops under global change
... renewable energy sources, Article 3.3 of the Kyoto Protocol attributes a crucial role to forest plantations in sequestering the ...
... renewable energy sources, Article 3.3 of the Kyoto Protocol attributes a crucial role to forest plantations in sequestering the ...
Synergy of rising nitrogen depositions and atmospheric CO2 on land
... with an additional 0.25 PgC per year being sequestered. In contrast, model based estimates [Holland et al., 1997; Townsend et al., 1996] showed significant increases in land carbon uptake. Using the ecosystem model CENTURY and various predicted spatial distributions of atmospheric nitrogen depositio ...
... with an additional 0.25 PgC per year being sequestered. In contrast, model based estimates [Holland et al., 1997; Townsend et al., 1996] showed significant increases in land carbon uptake. Using the ecosystem model CENTURY and various predicted spatial distributions of atmospheric nitrogen depositio ...
Climate change in Africa: a guidebook for journalists
... able to adapt, are those that have contributed least to the problem. If poorer nations pursue economic growth by the same means from which the industrialised nations have benefitted – such as by burning coal and clearing forests – they will only add to the climate change problem. Indeed, the richest ...
... able to adapt, are those that have contributed least to the problem. If poorer nations pursue economic growth by the same means from which the industrialised nations have benefitted – such as by burning coal and clearing forests – they will only add to the climate change problem. Indeed, the richest ...
China -- CAIT briefing - BASIC
... climate change developed by The World Resources Institute (WRI). • CAIT includes: – Data on all greenhouse gases (GHGs) and sources, plus other data and indicators relevant to climate change policy – Data for 186 countries (most UNFCCC Parties) and regions – Analysis tools (e.g., trend, sector, or g ...
... climate change developed by The World Resources Institute (WRI). • CAIT includes: – Data on all greenhouse gases (GHGs) and sources, plus other data and indicators relevant to climate change policy – Data for 186 countries (most UNFCCC Parties) and regions – Analysis tools (e.g., trend, sector, or g ...
Trade And Climate Change - WTO-UNEP Report
... incentives, to address climate change. This complex web of measures may have an impact on international trade and the multilateral trading system. The Report begins with a summary of the current state of scientific knowledge on climate change and on the options available for responding to the challe ...
... incentives, to address climate change. This complex web of measures may have an impact on international trade and the multilateral trading system. The Report begins with a summary of the current state of scientific knowledge on climate change and on the options available for responding to the challe ...
The Emissions Gap Report 2013 www.unep.org
... needs than treeless alternatives. Agroforestry also provides significant mitigation benefits by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere in the tree biomass. Annex I countries The industrialised countries (and those in transition to a market economy) that took on obligations to reduce their greenhous ...
... needs than treeless alternatives. Agroforestry also provides significant mitigation benefits by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere in the tree biomass. Annex I countries The industrialised countries (and those in transition to a market economy) that took on obligations to reduce their greenhous ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITIES AND
... Body for Implementation addresses agenda items on vulnerability and adaptation in the context of climate change negotiations. Particular attention has so far been given to issues relating to Article 4.8 and 4.9. Through the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, decisions have been made related to supp ...
... Body for Implementation addresses agenda items on vulnerability and adaptation in the context of climate change negotiations. Particular attention has so far been given to issues relating to Article 4.8 and 4.9. Through the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, decisions have been made related to supp ...
united - Stockholm Convention
... To support the work of the global coordination group on issues related to long-range transport and climate effects on observed levels of persistent organic pollutants, the Secretariat convened an expert group to review existing information and data on the interlinkages between climate and persistent ...
... To support the work of the global coordination group on issues related to long-range transport and climate effects on observed levels of persistent organic pollutants, the Secretariat convened an expert group to review existing information and data on the interlinkages between climate and persistent ...
Adaptation to Climate Change - Global Environment Facility
... that they disproportionately affect the poorest populations in developing countries. Adaptation to the effects of climate change is therefore not only urgent, but also indispensable if the human development needs of the world’s poor are to be met, and if past development gains are to be safeguarded. ...
... that they disproportionately affect the poorest populations in developing countries. Adaptation to the effects of climate change is therefore not only urgent, but also indispensable if the human development needs of the world’s poor are to be met, and if past development gains are to be safeguarded. ...
A Question of Balance - Yale Economics
... mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007a, 2007b), gives a best estimate of the global temperature increase over the coming century as from 1.8 to 4.0°C. Al ...
... mean surface temperature will rise sharply in the next century and beyond. Climate Change 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007a, 2007b), gives a best estimate of the global temperature increase over the coming century as from 1.8 to 4.0°C. Al ...
Deconstructing the BRICS: Bargaining Coalition
... remembered as a geopolitical fad? Supporters of the developing world’s most coveted club have reason to be optimistic. Growth may be slowing in China, and Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa face huge structural challenges. Yet according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates, the BR ...
... remembered as a geopolitical fad? Supporters of the developing world’s most coveted club have reason to be optimistic. Growth may be slowing in China, and Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa face huge structural challenges. Yet according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates, the BR ...
The Global “Disappearing Act”: How Island States Can Maintain
... contributing factor. Part II discusses the past efforts in international law to address climate change and statehood. Part III explains the legal definition of statehood and the modern changes in its definition. Part IV describes the concept of a deterritorialized state and its current status in int ...
... contributing factor. Part II discusses the past efforts in international law to address climate change and statehood. Part III explains the legal definition of statehood and the modern changes in its definition. Part IV describes the concept of a deterritorialized state and its current status in int ...
The global status of CCS 2015: summary report
... In December, world leaders will gather in Paris to conclude a new global climate deal. The European Union (EU) is committed to ensuring the adoption of a legally binding, ambitious and fair international agreement applicable to all and capable of keeping the world on track to limit the global temper ...
... In December, world leaders will gather in Paris to conclude a new global climate deal. The European Union (EU) is committed to ensuring the adoption of a legally binding, ambitious and fair international agreement applicable to all and capable of keeping the world on track to limit the global temper ...
7 Managing the Risks: International Level and Integration across Scales
... Agreements of 2010 and the Climate Change Green Fund will facilitate and strengthen disaster risk management (medium confidence). The agreements to provide substantial additional finance at the international level for adaptation to climate change have been formulated to include climate- and weather- ...
... Agreements of 2010 and the Climate Change Green Fund will facilitate and strengthen disaster risk management (medium confidence). The agreements to provide substantial additional finance at the international level for adaptation to climate change have been formulated to include climate- and weather- ...
What to include in INDCs - Low Emission Capacity Building
... Coverage: Countries cover a range of regions and income levels. INDC types: Most are based on economy-wide GHG targets; less than half of all Parties are eventually expected to include these. Mitigation and adaptation: All focus primarily on mitigation; of 22 INDC submissions, 13 have included adapt ...
... Coverage: Countries cover a range of regions and income levels. INDC types: Most are based on economy-wide GHG targets; less than half of all Parties are eventually expected to include these. Mitigation and adaptation: All focus primarily on mitigation; of 22 INDC submissions, 13 have included adapt ...
UNDP Presentation - Global Environment Facility
... Any country that receives a sum total allocation for BD, CC, and LD that totals less than $6.5* M would be allowed to use its allocation within either of these three focal areas, if eligible. Around 50 countries are expected to benefit => several Caribbean countries (see previous table) These ...
... Any country that receives a sum total allocation for BD, CC, and LD that totals less than $6.5* M would be allowed to use its allocation within either of these three focal areas, if eligible. Around 50 countries are expected to benefit => several Caribbean countries (see previous table) These ...
English - Global Environment Facility
... 1. GEF Funding for Enabling Activities Enabling Activities were defined by the GEF as: “Activities that prepare the foundation to design and implement effective response measures to achieve Convention objectives.” POPs EA: The Stockholm Convention requires (Article 7) countries to prepare National ...
... 1. GEF Funding for Enabling Activities Enabling Activities were defined by the GEF as: “Activities that prepare the foundation to design and implement effective response measures to achieve Convention objectives.” POPs EA: The Stockholm Convention requires (Article 7) countries to prepare National ...