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Chapter 02 Understanding How Economics Affects Business
Chapter 02 Understanding How Economics Affects Business

... 23. Adam Smith believed that an economic system couldn't truly prosper unless people were taught to value the welfare of others above their own personal gain. Feedback: Smith believed that people would only work hard and create wealth if they were rewarded for doing so. Thus, self-gain is the primar ...
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... 87. Abby left her native land in Eastern Europe in order to become a nanny for a family in a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois. One of the benefits of her arrangement was that she could attend the community college near her family's residence. When she arrived at her new job, she experienced the d ...
The equilibrium approach to money and the business cycle
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... In any case, this distinction between statics and dynamics is not equivalent to the one ascribed above to the “Anglo-Saxon-French” tradition, namely of statics as an analysis that abstracts from time, and dynamics as that of (any) movements in time. Thus, following Löwe, the static (or equilibrium) ...
Chapter 02 Understanding How Economics Affects Business
Chapter 02 Understanding How Economics Affects Business

... 87. Abby left her native land in Eastern Europe in order to become a nanny for a family in a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois. One of the benefits of her arrangement was that she could attend the community college near her family's residence. When she arrived at her new job, she experienced the d ...
THE CONTINUING RELEVANCE OF FRED - dinamia`cet-iul
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... The above quotation sums up one of the most important insights developed by Fred Hirsh in Social Limits to Growth, published in 1976. This article is an effort to bring into contemporary debate the analysis forged in this remarkable and much neglected work of economic theory. As with almost all ambi ...
HAyEK`S CRITIQUE OF The General Theory
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... demand increases, a parallel increase in the supply of goods appears almost instantaneously. Therefore, for Keynes, the structure of production does not need a significant amount of time to produce the necessary additional final goods to meet additional consumer demand (Hayek, 1941, pp. 395–396). Th ...
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... that made up each agent's personal income. The auction--a procedure to measure each person's contribution to overall welfare--took the place of money, which in Marx accomplished the same task in a decentralized way. It can be questioned whether Walras really modelled a market society, as there are a ...
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... be somewhat misplaced, or to be theoretically deficient, in their focus on the scalar binary of the ‘local’ and the ‘global’ and their relative neglect of social relational issues founded on an analysis on the role of the state in its relation to capitalism. In other words, in their apparent preoccu ...
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Chapter 02 - Understanding Economics and How It Affects Business

... created more wealth than every before. 1. But GREAT DISPARITIES in wealth remained or even increased. 2. Although it is not easy, opportunities to start one’s own business have always been there, especially in a free market. 3. CAPITALISM is an economic system in which all or most of the factors of ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 12 >

Socialist calculation debate

The socialist calculation debate (sometimes known as the economic calculation debate) refers to a discourse on the subject of how a socialist economy would perform economic calculation given the absence of the law of value, money and financial prices for capital goods and the means of production. More specifically, the debate was centered on the application of economic planning for the allocation of the means of production as a substitute for capital markets, and whether or not such an arrangement would be superior to capitalism in terms of efficiency and productivity.A central aspect of the debate concerned the role and scope of the law of value in a socialist economy.Although contributions to the question of economic coordination and calculation under socialism existed within the socialist movement prior to the 20th century, the phrase socialist calculation debate emerged in the 1920s beginning with Ludwig von Mises' critique of socialism. The historical debate was cast between the Austrian school of economics, represented by Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, who argued against the feasibility of socialism, and between neoclassical economists and Marxian economists, most notably Cläre Tisch (as a forerunner), Oskar Lange, Abba Lerner, Fred M. Taylor, Henry Douglas Dickinson and Maurice Dobb, who took the position that socialism was both feasible and superior to capitalism.The debate was popularly viewed as a debate between proponents of capitalism and proponents of socialism, but in reality a significant portion of the debate was between socialists who held differing views regarding the utilization of markets and money in a socialist system and to what degree the law of value would continue to operate in a hypothetical socialist economy. Socialists generally held one of three major positions regarding the unit of calculation, including the view that money would continue to be the unit of calculation under socialism; that labor-time would be a unit of calculation; or that socialism would be based on calculation in natura or calculation performed in-kind.Debate among socialists has existed since the emergence of the broader socialist movement between those advocating market socialism, centrally planned economies and decentralized economic planning. Recent contributions to the debate in the late 20th century and early 21st century involve proposals for market socialism and the use of information technology and distributed networking as a basis for decentralized economic planning.
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