Modularity, individuality, and evo
... one module (1, 2). Genetic correlations have been extensively documented for many morphological (and other) traits (examples in ref. 6). It is generally accepted that such patterns of covariance represent potential developmental constraints that can limit independent evolutionary change of coupled t ...
... one module (1, 2). Genetic correlations have been extensively documented for many morphological (and other) traits (examples in ref. 6). It is generally accepted that such patterns of covariance represent potential developmental constraints that can limit independent evolutionary change of coupled t ...
Plant speciation through chromosome instability and ploidy change
... such as aneuploidization and dysploidy (inversions and translocations). Despite the relevance of chromosomal instability as a driver for genome evolution and adaptation, little is yet known about the cellular mechanisms and processes that actually underlie these modifications. Here, in this paper, we ...
... such as aneuploidization and dysploidy (inversions and translocations). Despite the relevance of chromosomal instability as a driver for genome evolution and adaptation, little is yet known about the cellular mechanisms and processes that actually underlie these modifications. Here, in this paper, we ...
The Integrated Phenotype
... morphology and evolution of form (see Afterword by Chernoff and Magwene 1999 in Olson and Millers 1958; also see Cheverud 1982, 1996; Klingenberg 2010). From the early formal discussions of phenotypic integration, the joint importance of development, environment, and differentiation in patterns of i ...
... morphology and evolution of form (see Afterword by Chernoff and Magwene 1999 in Olson and Millers 1958; also see Cheverud 1982, 1996; Klingenberg 2010). From the early formal discussions of phenotypic integration, the joint importance of development, environment, and differentiation in patterns of i ...
Ph1
... Incorrect pairing leads to unbalanced gametes and infertility How does wheat produce 4 haploid cells at the end of meiosis? ...
... Incorrect pairing leads to unbalanced gametes and infertility How does wheat produce 4 haploid cells at the end of meiosis? ...
Genetic variation at RYR1, IGF2, FUT1, MUC13, and KPL2
... (Table 2). After the identification of the RYR1 c.1843C>T mutation in 1991 (Fujii et al., 1991) many breeding companies have used the DNA diagnostic test to eliminate homozygous stress positive (TT) individuals and heterozygous carriers (TC). Therefore, the high frequency of the C allele can be expl ...
... (Table 2). After the identification of the RYR1 c.1843C>T mutation in 1991 (Fujii et al., 1991) many breeding companies have used the DNA diagnostic test to eliminate homozygous stress positive (TT) individuals and heterozygous carriers (TC). Therefore, the high frequency of the C allele can be expl ...
The daily rhythm of mice
... established [12]. These mice had a slightly shorter period length than their wild-type controls. In further experiments it was found that NPAS2, a true homolog [13], compensates for the lack of functional CLOCK protein in the SCN [14]. Consequently, double knock out mice, by contrast to the individu ...
... established [12]. These mice had a slightly shorter period length than their wild-type controls. In further experiments it was found that NPAS2, a true homolog [13], compensates for the lack of functional CLOCK protein in the SCN [14]. Consequently, double knock out mice, by contrast to the individu ...
High-resolution melting analysis of the single nucleotide
... Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium, is the main causative agent of hospital-acquired diarrhoea worldwide. In addition to metronidazole and vancomycin, rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, is a promising antibiotic for the treatment of recurring C. difficile infe ...
... Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium, is the main causative agent of hospital-acquired diarrhoea worldwide. In addition to metronidazole and vancomycin, rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, is a promising antibiotic for the treatment of recurring C. difficile infe ...
From Gene Trees with HGT to Species Trees
... • Speciation : two offspring species inherit the entire genome of their common ancestor ...
... • Speciation : two offspring species inherit the entire genome of their common ancestor ...
The Coch gene controls the subsequent differentiation of pea axial
... Figure 1. The root nitrogen-fixing nodules of mutant coch line SGE239 (C,D) and SGE ancestor line (A, B). The stage at which nodules in the SGE239 mutant were transformed to a rootlet was identified by microscopic analysis. It was found that early stages of root nodule development in the mutant were ...
... Figure 1. The root nitrogen-fixing nodules of mutant coch line SGE239 (C,D) and SGE ancestor line (A, B). The stage at which nodules in the SGE239 mutant were transformed to a rootlet was identified by microscopic analysis. It was found that early stages of root nodule development in the mutant were ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Phenotypic variation between individuals of a species is often under quantitative genetic control. Genomic analysis of gene expression polymorphisms between individuals is rapidly gaining popularity as a way to query the underlying mechanistic causes of variation between individuals. However, there ...
... Phenotypic variation between individuals of a species is often under quantitative genetic control. Genomic analysis of gene expression polymorphisms between individuals is rapidly gaining popularity as a way to query the underlying mechanistic causes of variation between individuals. However, there ...
Basement membranes - Development
... 2002; Buzza et al., 2001). Yet, no genetic defects in either the α1(IV) or α2(IV) chains have been linked to human diseases so far, while mutations of collagen IV related genes in Drosophila melanogaster or Caenorhabditis elegans lead to embryonic lethal phenotypes (Borchiellini et al., 1996; Gupta ...
... 2002; Buzza et al., 2001). Yet, no genetic defects in either the α1(IV) or α2(IV) chains have been linked to human diseases so far, while mutations of collagen IV related genes in Drosophila melanogaster or Caenorhabditis elegans lead to embryonic lethal phenotypes (Borchiellini et al., 1996; Gupta ...
Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting Generates a Copper
... pattern of distribution of ribosome progression along the gene suggested that expression of copA might be a subject of idiosyncratic regulation. One of the mechanisms exploited by cells for expanding the spectrum of proteins expressed from a limited number of genomic open reading frames (ORFs) is tr ...
... pattern of distribution of ribosome progression along the gene suggested that expression of copA might be a subject of idiosyncratic regulation. One of the mechanisms exploited by cells for expanding the spectrum of proteins expressed from a limited number of genomic open reading frames (ORFs) is tr ...
CHAPTER 7 TUNING THE DRAGON PROMOTER FINDER SYSTEM FOR HUMAN PROMOTER RECOGNITION
... signal thresholds are also used. These parameters have to be adjusted so that the tuned system achieves the desired performance. The tuning process is conducted 10 times for each selected level of sensitivity, and different models are produced in the process. Then, from all of the models, the select ...
... signal thresholds are also used. These parameters have to be adjusted so that the tuned system achieves the desired performance. The tuning process is conducted 10 times for each selected level of sensitivity, and different models are produced in the process. Then, from all of the models, the select ...
Malformation syndromes: a review of mouse/human homology
... Obviously, when one is considering homologies between genes causing developmental abnormalities, it is difficult to use many of these criteria which apply to protein or DNA sequences. One must always bear in mind the point emphasised by Gruneberg2 that "identical genes on the genetic backgrounds of ...
... Obviously, when one is considering homologies between genes causing developmental abnormalities, it is difficult to use many of these criteria which apply to protein or DNA sequences. One must always bear in mind the point emphasised by Gruneberg2 that "identical genes on the genetic backgrounds of ...
Affymetrix Software User Manuals
... Subject to the Affymetrix terms and conditions that govern your use of Affymetrix products, Affymetrix grants you a nonexclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable license to use this Affymetrix product only in accordance with the manual and written instructions provided by Affymetrix. You underst ...
... Subject to the Affymetrix terms and conditions that govern your use of Affymetrix products, Affymetrix grants you a nonexclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable license to use this Affymetrix product only in accordance with the manual and written instructions provided by Affymetrix. You underst ...
Australian Yellowface
... = AYFEYF2 (a combination bird) Due to space restrictions, I will not cover every possible genetic combination of all the alleles nor every possible mating as there are dozens. Likewise there is gene linkage with the dark factor because the green, blue and yellowface genes are on the same chromosome ...
... = AYFEYF2 (a combination bird) Due to space restrictions, I will not cover every possible genetic combination of all the alleles nor every possible mating as there are dozens. Likewise there is gene linkage with the dark factor because the green, blue and yellowface genes are on the same chromosome ...
Full Text - The International Journal of Developmental Biology
... T, tapetum; Td tetrads; V, vascular bundle. See text for description of developmental events. Individual steps are illustrated with transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs or TEM-prepared semi-thin sections seen with light microscopy of microsporogenesis of the orchid Ophrys lutea (Feijó, ...
... T, tapetum; Td tetrads; V, vascular bundle. See text for description of developmental events. Individual steps are illustrated with transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs or TEM-prepared semi-thin sections seen with light microscopy of microsporogenesis of the orchid Ophrys lutea (Feijó, ...
Inbreeding in Swine, nsif-fs4 - National Swine Improvement Federation
... have done well. Certain families may demonstrate superior performance, but if a family group has poor average performance, it should be discarded quickly. Inbreeding also promotes an increase in prepotency which is the ability of an individual to consistently pass on its characteristics. This prepot ...
... have done well. Certain families may demonstrate superior performance, but if a family group has poor average performance, it should be discarded quickly. Inbreeding also promotes an increase in prepotency which is the ability of an individual to consistently pass on its characteristics. This prepot ...
From RNA to protein
... Genes to Phenotypes "A set of genes represents the individual components of the biological system under scrutiny" Modifications of the "3:1 F2 monohybrid ratio" and gene interactions are the rules rather than the exceptions" ...
... Genes to Phenotypes "A set of genes represents the individual components of the biological system under scrutiny" Modifications of the "3:1 F2 monohybrid ratio" and gene interactions are the rules rather than the exceptions" ...
selection for the heterozygote
... BECAUSE: as q declines, a greater proportion of q alleles are present in heterozygotes (and invisible to selection). As q declines, q2 declines more rapidly... So, in large populations, it is hard for selection to completely eliminate a deleterious allele.... ...
... BECAUSE: as q declines, a greater proportion of q alleles are present in heterozygotes (and invisible to selection). As q declines, q2 declines more rapidly... So, in large populations, it is hard for selection to completely eliminate a deleterious allele.... ...
Correction to “Frequency of Undetected CYP2D6
... The frequency of hybrids genes in CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 samples is reported for both heterozygous or homozygous and heterozygous alone. We did not determine whether one or both chromosomes contained a hybrid tandem in homozygous samples. For this reason, to determine the risk that a CYP2D6*4 or CYP ...
... The frequency of hybrids genes in CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 samples is reported for both heterozygous or homozygous and heterozygous alone. We did not determine whether one or both chromosomes contained a hybrid tandem in homozygous samples. For this reason, to determine the risk that a CYP2D6*4 or CYP ...
Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces griseus clade using
... strains. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences obtained in this study are listed in Table 1. The features of each gene locus are displayed in Supplementary Table S1, available in IJSEM Online. The five genes used here are widely distributed, unique within the streptomycete genome and of adequat ...
... strains. GenBank accession numbers of the sequences obtained in this study are listed in Table 1. The features of each gene locus are displayed in Supplementary Table S1, available in IJSEM Online. The five genes used here are widely distributed, unique within the streptomycete genome and of adequat ...
Autism and maternally derived aberrations of chromosome 15q
... bursts of generalized spike activity. Cranial MRI was normal. At 4 1/12 years of age his height was 103.5 cm (55th centile), weight was 16.8 kg (55th centile), and OFC was 51 cm (50th centile). He had vocalizations but no speech or language. He had an awkward gait, leaning somewhat forward with flex ...
... bursts of generalized spike activity. Cranial MRI was normal. At 4 1/12 years of age his height was 103.5 cm (55th centile), weight was 16.8 kg (55th centile), and OFC was 51 cm (50th centile). He had vocalizations but no speech or language. He had an awkward gait, leaning somewhat forward with flex ...
III. Linkage
... - Crossing over events increase as the distance between genes increases - So, the frequency of crossing over (‘CO’) gametes can be used as an index of distance between genes! (Thus, genes can be ‘mapped’ through crosses…) - How can we measure the frequency of recombinant (‘cross-over’) gametes? Is t ...
... - Crossing over events increase as the distance between genes increases - So, the frequency of crossing over (‘CO’) gametes can be used as an index of distance between genes! (Thus, genes can be ‘mapped’ through crosses…) - How can we measure the frequency of recombinant (‘cross-over’) gametes? Is t ...
Practice final key
... A benign ovarian teratoma is a mass of differentiated tissues which occasionally develops in the ovary without fertilization. Such a teratoma develops in a patient who is heterozygous Aa for a locus closely linked to the centromere of a chromosome and heterozygous Bb for another locus weakly linked ...
... A benign ovarian teratoma is a mass of differentiated tissues which occasionally develops in the ovary without fertilization. Such a teratoma develops in a patient who is heterozygous Aa for a locus closely linked to the centromere of a chromosome and heterozygous Bb for another locus weakly linked ...