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Genetics
Genetics

... Linkage groups- these are “packages” of genes that tend to be inherited together. There is one linkage groups for every homologous pair of chromosomes. ...
C1. Duplications and deficiencies involve a change in the total
C1. Duplications and deficiencies involve a change in the total

... chromosome 21. This boy is phenotypically normal because the total amount of genetic material is normal, although the total number of chromosomes is 45 (because chromosome 14 and chromosome 21 are fused into a single chromosome). His sister has Down syndrome because she has inherited the translocate ...
Colonial Influence
Colonial Influence

... Horses helped people by pulling heavy wagons full of goods and supplies. Mr. Jones filled his wagon with 200 pounds of flour, 450 pounds of sugar, 150 pounds of corn meal, and 85 pounds of coffee. Then he went to the lumber yard and added 1200 pounds of lumber on top. 3. How many total pounds of goo ...
Name
Name

... D. differences in a base between two individuals 26. Bioinformatics would not have been possible without A. microscopes. B. genes. C. computers. D. genomics. 27. In humans, single-base differences A. occur at about 3 million sites. B. occur rarely in the sex chromosomes. C. seldom occur in normal DN ...
Document
Document

... chromosome 21. This boy is phenotypically normal because the total amount of genetic material is normal, although the total number of chromosomes is 45 (because chromosome 14 and chromosome 21 are fused into a single chromosome). His sister has Down syndrome because she has inherited the translocate ...
Chapter 13 Meiosis
Chapter 13 Meiosis

... FERTILIZATION ...
Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics
Chapter 7 Extending Mendelian Genetics

... Chromosomes __________________________________ are the smallest • 22 has 545 genes (43 million base pairs) • 21 has 225 genes (21 million base pairs)  Lou Gehrig’s Disease or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) ...
Cell Reproduction Chapter 8
Cell Reproduction Chapter 8

... – Each individual receives 23 chromosomes from female parent & 23 chromosomes from male parent – The 23 chromosomes from mom match the 23 chromosomes from dad; called homologues or homologous pairs – The genes on each chromosome code for the same traits ...
chapter 11 section 4 notes
chapter 11 section 4 notes

... male parent, and four come from its female parent. These two sets of chromosomes are homologous, meaning that each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent. ...
Biology Topic 8
Biology Topic 8

... the spindle fibers of each centriole on the opposite poles. One half of the chromosomes are pulled by one centriole while the other half is pulled by the other. In each homologous pair one chromosome of the pair is pulled by one centriole and the other is pulled by the other centriole; sister chroma ...
Meiosis II - Cloudfront.net
Meiosis II - Cloudfront.net

... National 7 2.c. Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes. 7.2.d. Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be identical, and one may ...
chromosomes_nice
chromosomes_nice

... Differences in chromosomes are associated with difference in the way we grow. The karyotypes of males and females are not the same Females have two large X chromosomes Males have a large X and a small Y chromosome The X and the Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes The sex chromosomes are placed ...
Chapter 27: Human Genetics Vocabulary
Chapter 27: Human Genetics Vocabulary

...     cY  color­blind male 5  Males inherit the gene for color vision from their  mother only.  Females inherit a gene from both their mother and  father. ...
Lecture 1
Lecture 1

... DNA duplexes that are organized into several chromosomes within the nucleus. • Consist of long continuous DNA molecule associated with small basic proteins called histones. • In eukarotic cells, there are normally two copies of each chromosome (homologous pairs) in every somatic cell. ...
Genetic Disorders
Genetic Disorders

... • Sometimes it causes uncontrolled cell division (resulting in cancer) ...
Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity

... Achondroplasia is a genetic condition that causes small body size and limbs that are comparatively short. This is the most common form of dwarfism. ...
Evolution notes lecture Genetic Variation and Gene Regulation Fall
Evolution notes lecture Genetic Variation and Gene Regulation Fall

... Genetic variation and meiosis Meiosis is a major source of genetic variation in eukaryotes Recombination: In prophase of meiosis, crossing over may occur between homologous chromosomes, leading to new gene associations Independent assortment: When chromosomes line up on the spindle during meiosis, t ...
CH.12 Power Point - Little Miami Schools
CH.12 Power Point - Little Miami Schools

... : a group of organs that work together to perform an important function of the body ...
Consortium for Educational Communication Summary
Consortium for Educational Communication Summary

... located on different chromosomes to the gametes. A dihybrid ratio of 9:3:3:1 and a test cross ratio of 1:1:1:1 is always expected if genes show independent assortment. However, there are many cases where the law of independent assortment does not hold true. When the alleles are present on the same l ...
File
File

... heredity - the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring genetics - the branch of biology that deals with heredity traits - a genetically determined characteristic or condition gametes - sex cells; a reproductive cell having the haploid (half the normal) number of chromosomes  female ...
S1.Describe how a gene family is produced. Discuss the common
S1.Describe how a gene family is produced. Discuss the common

... S4. A diploid species with 44 chromosomes (i.e., 22/set) is crossed to another diploid species with 38 chromosomes (i.e., 19/set). What would be the number of chromosomes in an allodiploid or allotetraploid produced from this cross? Would you expect the offspring to be sterile or fertile? Answer: An ...
Review Game PART I Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Review Game PART I Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

... b) body cells are produced in meiosis; gametes in mitosis c) gametes are produced in both meiosis and mitosis d) body cells are produced in mitosis; gametes in ...
Document
Document

... S4. A diploid species with 44 chromosomes (i.e., 22/set) is crossed to another diploid species with 38 chromosomes (i.e., 19/set). What would be the number of chromosomes in an allodiploid or allotetraploid produced from this cross? Would you expect the offspring to be sterile or fertile? Answer: An ...
Cohesin stabilizes interphase chromosomal architecture
Cohesin stabilizes interphase chromosomal architecture

... To ensure proper gene regulation within constrained nuclear space, chromosomes must be organized such that they allow access to actively transcribed regions while simultaneously packaging away all other information. Recent attempts to understand this organization has revealed that chromosomes are or ...
Completing the Sentences: Complete the sentences with the
Completing the Sentences: Complete the sentences with the

... 2. Traits are passed down from parents to offspring. Another way of saying this is “traits are ____________________.” 3. The study of heredity is called ______________. 4. Every plant and animal cell has tiny rod-shaped bodies called ______________. 5. A chromosome is made up of a chain of _________ ...
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Ploidy



Ploidy is the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. Usually a gamete (sperm or egg, which fuse into a single cell during the fertilization phase of sexual reproduction) carries a full set of chromosomes that includes a single copy of each chromosome, as aneuploidy generally leads to severe genetic disease in the offspring. The gametic or haploid number (n) is the number of chromosomes in a gamete. Two gametes form a diploid zygote with twice this number (2n, the zygotic or diploid number) i.e. two copies of autosomal chromosomes. For humans, a diploid species, n = 23. A typical human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes: 2 complete haploid sets, which make up 23 homologous chromosome pairs.Because chromosome number is generally reduced only by the specialized process of meiosis, the somatic cells of the body inherit and maintain the chromosome number of the zygote. However, in many situations somatic cells double their copy number by means of endoreduplication as an aspect of cellular differentiation. For example, the hearts of two-year-old children contain 85% diploid and 15% tetraploid nuclei, but by 12 years of age the proportions become approximately equal, and adults examined contained 27% diploid, 71% tetraploid and 2% octaploid nuclei.Cells are described according to the number of sets present (the ploidy level): monoploid (1 set), diploid (2 sets), triploid (3 sets), tetraploid (4 sets), pentaploid (5 sets), hexaploid (6 sets), heptaploid or septaploid (7 sets), etc. The generic term polyploid is frequently used to describe cells with three or more sets of chromosomes (triploid or higher ploidy).
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