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CHAPTER 17 Variation in Chromosomal Number and Structure
CHAPTER 17 Variation in Chromosomal Number and Structure

... i. Normal individuals have 6–54 CGG repeats, with an average of 29. ii. Normal transmitting carrier males, their daughters and some other carrier females have 55–200 copies, but do not show symptoms. iii. Individuals with fragile X syndrome have 200–1,300 copies, indicating that tandem amplification ...
Chapter 7: Genetics Lesson 3: Human Genetics and Biotechnology
Chapter 7: Genetics Lesson 3: Human Genetics and Biotechnology

... functions of many of the other base pairs are still unclear. To learn more about the coding and noncoding sequences of human DNA, watch the animation at this link: http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/DNAi_coding_sequences.html The majority of human genes have two or more possible alleles. Differe ...
However, if
However, if

... XXY, it will be male Sex-linked genes The larger sex chromosome (X in humans) may also carry a few genes that code for non-sexual body characteristics. These genes are termed sex-linked genes, since they are physically linked to the sex chromosome and are inherited together with the sexual traits. S ...
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... Scientists now know that many genes are ______ to each other as parts of chromosomes. ...
genetics - cloudfront.net
genetics - cloudfront.net

... TT Green yY Pp Purple gg Smooth 3) Which of the following are heterozygous genotypes? TT Green yY Pp Purple gg Smooth 4) Genes may often be found in two forms (dominant and recessive). What are these alternate forms of a gene called? 5) Genes are segments of DNA found on _______________. 6) If item ...
Imprinted SNRPN within chromosome territories
Imprinted SNRPN within chromosome territories

... reflecting that these DNA segments may be compacted into the same intranuclear subcompartments with the progress of S phase and in course of preparation for the following G2 phase. Our results suggest that, although an imprinted gene has features similar to those observed with intranuclear localizat ...
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Down Syndrome ( Trisomy 21 )

... syndrome is the second most common genetic cause of mental retardation, after Down syndrome.  It is an X-linked disorder characterized by an inducible cytogenetic abnormality in the X chromosome and an unusual mutation within the familial mental retardation – 1 (FMR1) gene. The fragile site on the ...
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... numerous deletion and duplication syndromes have been described that are too small to be detected under the microscope using conventional cytogenetic methods, such as G-banding. The molecular cytogenetic methods have expanded the possibilities for precise genetic diagnoses, which are extremely impor ...
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Homework 4 BSC 1005 Fall 2011
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Genetics Power point
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Dosage Compensation: Transcription-Level Regulation of X
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... triploid genotypes (metamales, intersexes and females) is explained by this formulation if one considers that, since the cells and their nuclei are proportionately larger, the concentration of the inhibitor in these forms is two-thirds of its value in diploids. One extreme version of this model woul ...
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Lecture #7 Genetics I: Mendel, Mitosis and Meiosis

... -If the b and the vg genes were on different chromosomes, you would expect a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio for the genotypes -If the b and the vg genes were on the same chromosome, you would expect a 1:1:0:0 ratio of the genotypes. These results; however, indicate that some recombination must have taken place ...
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File - need help with revision notes?

... Due to the process of crossing over, sister chromatids are no longer genetically identical How the chromatids align in metaphase II determines how they segregate at anaphase II. ...
Dihybrid cross are explained by Mendel`s 3rd law: Law of Assortment
Dihybrid cross are explained by Mendel`s 3rd law: Law of Assortment

... Lining up of pairs can occur in different combinations of chromosomes on each side of the metaphase equatorial plate . So for the two traits YyRr (Round yellow seeds) of one parent, there are four possible ways for chromosome traits to divide for gametes: ...
Chapter 8 Human Chromosomes
Chapter 8 Human Chromosomes

... centromere location, and banding pattern. As menIn addition to their length, Cytogenetists can tioned before, these are called autosomes. However distinguish chromosomes using their centromere note that two of the chromosomes, the X and the Y, do position and banding pattern. Note that at the not lo ...
GeneticsProtocol Lab student hand out
GeneticsProtocol Lab student hand out

... have two X chromosomes (XX). A zygote must have at least one X chromosome to survive. The gene that results in the development of male anatomy is located on the Y chromosome. This gene is called SRY, which stands for sex-determining region of the Y chromosome. If a zygote has a Y chromosome with the ...
NAME___________________________________
NAME___________________________________

... a.   The genotype is the physical appearance of a trait. b.   Alleles, genes, and loci are different names for the same thing. c.   The phenotype of a dominant allele is never seen in the F1 progeny of a monohybrid cross. d.   A testcross can be used to determine whether an individual is homozygous ...
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Skewed X-inactivation

Skewed X chromosome inactivation occurs when the inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated. It is usually defined as one allele being found on the active X chromosome in over 75% of cells, and extreme skewing is when over 90% of cells have inactivated the same X chromosome. It can be caused by primary nonrandom inactivation, either by chance due to a small cell pool or directed by genes, or caused by secondary nonrandom inactivation, which occurs by selection. Most females will have some levels of skewing. It is relatively common in adult females; around 35% of women have skewed ratio over 70:30, and 7% of women have an extreme skewed ratio of over 90:10. This is of medical significance due to the potential for the expression of disease genes present on the X chromosome that are normally not expressed due to random X inactivation. X chromosome inactivation occurs in females to provide dosage compensation between the sexes. If females kept both X chromosomes active they would have twice the number of active X genes than males, who only have one copy of the X chromosome. At approximately the time of implantation (see Implantation (human embryo), one of the two X chromosomes is randomly selected for inactivation. The cell undergoes transcriptional and epigenetic changes to ensure this inactivation is permanent. All progeny from these initial cells will maintain the inactivation of the same chromosome, resulting in a mosaic pattern of cells in females.
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