Parallel speciation with allopatry
... habitat. If this scenario is correct, the reproductive isolation evolved at least partly during the sympatric stage. Schluter et al. have previously supported this view, stating: ‘premating isolation between ecomorphs arose initially as a simple by-product of divergent natural selection on key trait ...
... habitat. If this scenario is correct, the reproductive isolation evolved at least partly during the sympatric stage. Schluter et al. have previously supported this view, stating: ‘premating isolation between ecomorphs arose initially as a simple by-product of divergent natural selection on key trait ...
uncorrected page proofs
... protein that controls the transport of chloride ions across the plasma membrane. (Refer to chapter 1, pp. 36–7 for more details on the role of this transporter protein and the effects of a faulty transporter protein, in particular one that causes the mucus of the lungs to be thick and sticky. ) The ...
... protein that controls the transport of chloride ions across the plasma membrane. (Refer to chapter 1, pp. 36–7 for more details on the role of this transporter protein and the effects of a faulty transporter protein, in particular one that causes the mucus of the lungs to be thick and sticky. ) The ...
08_chapter 1
... that symmetry increases in a consistent manner with sequence length both across and within genomes. Distribution of symmetry levels across length is having some similarity which has led the authors to accept that strand symmetry in polynucleotide molecule is an emerging property under evolutionary p ...
... that symmetry increases in a consistent manner with sequence length both across and within genomes. Distribution of symmetry levels across length is having some similarity which has led the authors to accept that strand symmetry in polynucleotide molecule is an emerging property under evolutionary p ...
Yeast and Genetic Studies
... though this type of study does not answer the question, "what does this protein do within the organism?" One approach to this question would be to remove the protein being studied and determine how this affects the organism. But, is this possible? The information required to make an enzyme is encode ...
... though this type of study does not answer the question, "what does this protein do within the organism?" One approach to this question would be to remove the protein being studied and determine how this affects the organism. But, is this possible? The information required to make an enzyme is encode ...
Comparison of genes among cereals
... gene homologue in a non-orthologous location [7,25]. The putative mechanism for this phenomenon is an ancient gene duplication in the common ancestor followed by the loss of one gene copy in the first modern species and the loss of the other copy in the second species. A second example of gene d ...
... gene homologue in a non-orthologous location [7,25]. The putative mechanism for this phenomenon is an ancient gene duplication in the common ancestor followed by the loss of one gene copy in the first modern species and the loss of the other copy in the second species. A second example of gene d ...
pdf
... not always complete, meaning that nonparental genotypes are seen in a proportion of the progeny. This is explained by crossing over between the gene pairs during meiosis in the parents. Let’s think about the general recombination shown in Fig. 8.1 in this context. The two chromosomes outlined in the ...
... not always complete, meaning that nonparental genotypes are seen in a proportion of the progeny. This is explained by crossing over between the gene pairs during meiosis in the parents. Let’s think about the general recombination shown in Fig. 8.1 in this context. The two chromosomes outlined in the ...
Genetics Test - adaptedcurriculumresources
... ____ 14. An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is a. heterozygous. b. tall. c. homozygous. ____ 15. A heterozygous organism has a. three different alleles for a trait. b. two identical alleles for a trait. c. only one allele for a trait. ...
... ____ 14. An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is a. heterozygous. b. tall. c. homozygous. ____ 15. A heterozygous organism has a. three different alleles for a trait. b. two identical alleles for a trait. c. only one allele for a trait. ...
Haploidy, Diploidy and Evolution of Antifungal Drug Resistance Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... densities of ⵑ108 cells/ml after several days, this represented ⵑ22 generations. For all populations, including those that remained at low density after 5 days, the MIC of FLC was assayed for three single-colony isolates. To show that this increase in density was due to adaptation as a function of p ...
... densities of ⵑ108 cells/ml after several days, this represented ⵑ22 generations. For all populations, including those that remained at low density after 5 days, the MIC of FLC was assayed for three single-colony isolates. To show that this increase in density was due to adaptation as a function of p ...
Télécharger - Options Méditerranéennes
... If Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) works well for "simple traits" in strategies aiming to introgress, backcross or follow a few genes, the situation is less clear for quantitative traits. In the past, the identification of marker-trait linkages has relied on the development of experimental bi-parent ...
... If Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) works well for "simple traits" in strategies aiming to introgress, backcross or follow a few genes, the situation is less clear for quantitative traits. In the past, the identification of marker-trait linkages has relied on the development of experimental bi-parent ...
Slide 1
... C. Differential Selection - Assumed to be primary, but few studies documenting that reproductive isolation of phenotypes correlates with fitness differential in different environments. ...
... C. Differential Selection - Assumed to be primary, but few studies documenting that reproductive isolation of phenotypes correlates with fitness differential in different environments. ...
Heredity - questions
... Alleles are alternative forms of a gene which occupies a particular position in a chromosome. Alleles affect the same characteristic (e.g. blood group) but not necessarily in the same way. lA, IB and i are alleles of a gene which controls the ABO blood groups. 1 A plant with red flowers is crossed w ...
... Alleles are alternative forms of a gene which occupies a particular position in a chromosome. Alleles affect the same characteristic (e.g. blood group) but not necessarily in the same way. lA, IB and i are alleles of a gene which controls the ABO blood groups. 1 A plant with red flowers is crossed w ...
Evolution of the Y-Chromosome in Primates
... wave of ampliconic transpositions, and since then has become an important genetic marker for primate evolution due to its variation in copy number across primate species. Macaques have a single copy of the DAZ gene while higher taxa carry multiple copies. This indicates that somewhere after the dive ...
... wave of ampliconic transpositions, and since then has become an important genetic marker for primate evolution due to its variation in copy number across primate species. Macaques have a single copy of the DAZ gene while higher taxa carry multiple copies. This indicates that somewhere after the dive ...
Microdeletions on the long arm of the Y chromosome
... treated with ICSI. In effect, this approach treats the disorder with little knowledge of the possible consequences for the patient and/or their potential children.4 There is evidence that some cases of male infertility have an underlying genetic basis.6 Furthermore, severe male-factor infertility ha ...
... treated with ICSI. In effect, this approach treats the disorder with little knowledge of the possible consequences for the patient and/or their potential children.4 There is evidence that some cases of male infertility have an underlying genetic basis.6 Furthermore, severe male-factor infertility ha ...
telomeres - Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and
... VI.3.3. During mitosis, separation of centromeres in dicentric chromosomes to opposite poles produces an anaphase bridge, followed by chromosome breakage, subsequent fusion of damaged ends, and promotion of additional BFB cycles ...
... VI.3.3. During mitosis, separation of centromeres in dicentric chromosomes to opposite poles produces an anaphase bridge, followed by chromosome breakage, subsequent fusion of damaged ends, and promotion of additional BFB cycles ...
Biology Homework: Genetics
... Genetic disorders are caused by changes to DNA. These changes are either really small and involve only one tiny piece of DNA or really large and result in an entire missing chromosome. Either way, the affect on how someone lives their life can be dramatic. Additionally, some genetic disorders mean t ...
... Genetic disorders are caused by changes to DNA. These changes are either really small and involve only one tiny piece of DNA or really large and result in an entire missing chromosome. Either way, the affect on how someone lives their life can be dramatic. Additionally, some genetic disorders mean t ...
Genetic Codes Explained
... fertility. They are known as HH1, HH2, HH3, HH4 and HH5. Animals which are tested will be designated as either be carriers (C) or tested non-carriers (T). The reasons why haplotypes impact fertility are unknown, however it is thought that inheritance of the same haplotype from each parent results in ...
... fertility. They are known as HH1, HH2, HH3, HH4 and HH5. Animals which are tested will be designated as either be carriers (C) or tested non-carriers (T). The reasons why haplotypes impact fertility are unknown, however it is thought that inheritance of the same haplotype from each parent results in ...
2q13 microduplications
... If the duplication is identified as de novo, it is very unlikely to have been inherited so the chance of the parents having another child with the duplication is very small. If the test result is followed by mat, the duplication has been inherited from the child’s mother (maternal); if it is followe ...
... If the duplication is identified as de novo, it is very unlikely to have been inherited so the chance of the parents having another child with the duplication is very small. If the test result is followed by mat, the duplication has been inherited from the child’s mother (maternal); if it is followe ...
Yeast genome evolution-the origin of the species
... and other yeasts to replenish their pool of NAD+ if it is depleted by the transcriptional repressor Sir2. C. glabrata, however, is entirely dependent on external sources of nicotinic acid. When this is not available, genes that are usually repressed by Sir2 become expressed. Notably, the human urina ...
... and other yeasts to replenish their pool of NAD+ if it is depleted by the transcriptional repressor Sir2. C. glabrata, however, is entirely dependent on external sources of nicotinic acid. When this is not available, genes that are usually repressed by Sir2 become expressed. Notably, the human urina ...
Genome Mapping in the Horse
... than 50%, the loci are said to be genetically linked. The unit of map distance is centiMorgan (cM), with one cM corresponding to a recombination frequency of 1%. Linkage mapping involves following the segregation of alleles in families to establish whether or not the alleles at one locus cosegregate ...
... than 50%, the loci are said to be genetically linked. The unit of map distance is centiMorgan (cM), with one cM corresponding to a recombination frequency of 1%. Linkage mapping involves following the segregation of alleles in families to establish whether or not the alleles at one locus cosegregate ...
Local Similarity in Evolutionary Rates Extends over Whole
... sets and asking how many have x2 values greater than that seen in the real data set. In each randomization run, genes were randomly reassigned to chromosomes, keeping only the total number of genes per chromosome intact. The distribution created by this randomization procedure is approximately x2-di ...
... sets and asking how many have x2 values greater than that seen in the real data set. In each randomization run, genes were randomly reassigned to chromosomes, keeping only the total number of genes per chromosome intact. The distribution created by this randomization procedure is approximately x2-di ...
Review
... have mapped the genomic region or regions associated with GSD. The term GSD is somewhat vague, and here we use it to mean that the alleles or alternative types of a particular linkage group (such as a Y or W chromosome) influence the probability of developing as a male or a female. Genetic control o ...
... have mapped the genomic region or regions associated with GSD. The term GSD is somewhat vague, and here we use it to mean that the alleles or alternative types of a particular linkage group (such as a Y or W chromosome) influence the probability of developing as a male or a female. Genetic control o ...
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF CELL GROWTH AND
... It is now clear that both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in balanced growth tend to maintain a constant size at division [16, 23, 26, 281. Yet the mechanisms underlying this coordination are poorly understood. The best known studies of growth and division have examined the effect of different envi ...
... It is now clear that both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in balanced growth tend to maintain a constant size at division [16, 23, 26, 281. Yet the mechanisms underlying this coordination are poorly understood. The best known studies of growth and division have examined the effect of different envi ...
identifying parent-daughter relationships among duplicated genes1
... with macaque as the outgroup species. The dataset of gene families constructed from six mammalian genomes, each with a phylogenetic tree, is described in Hahn et al. [3]. To find human specific duplicates, we collected the genes under human specific duplication nodes from the reconciled tree. The ou ...
... with macaque as the outgroup species. The dataset of gene families constructed from six mammalian genomes, each with a phylogenetic tree, is described in Hahn et al. [3]. To find human specific duplicates, we collected the genes under human specific duplication nodes from the reconciled tree. The ou ...
Solutions to Chapter 4 Applications Problems
... The genotype of the male parent is the same as his phenotype for an X-linked trait. Because the male progeny get their X chromosomes from their mother, the phenotypes of the male progeny give us the genotypes of the female parents. (a) Male parent is X+Y. Because the male offspring are 1:1 long:mini ...
... The genotype of the male parent is the same as his phenotype for an X-linked trait. Because the male progeny get their X chromosomes from their mother, the phenotypes of the male progeny give us the genotypes of the female parents. (a) Male parent is X+Y. Because the male offspring are 1:1 long:mini ...
PDF
... It was found that in such animals the albino (cc) patches have a strong tendency to grow darker with age, as if there were reversal of inactivation in increasing numbers of melanocytes (Cattanach, 1974). The question arose whether this reversal was dependent on the age of the animal or whether it mi ...
... It was found that in such animals the albino (cc) patches have a strong tendency to grow darker with age, as if there were reversal of inactivation in increasing numbers of melanocytes (Cattanach, 1974). The question arose whether this reversal was dependent on the age of the animal or whether it mi ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.