• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics What You’ll Learn
Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics What You’ll Learn

... generation, with the most recent generation shown at the bottom. The generations are identified in sequence by Roman numerals, and each individual is given an Arabic number. Practice using these symbols to make a pedigree in MiniLab 12.1. ...
TALL - Forest Hills School District
TALL - Forest Hills School District

... experiments using ____________ Pea plants in the __________ monastery garden _______ MALE part of flower makes Pollen ___________ (sperm) FEMALE __________ part of flower makes _______ egg cells ...
Using comparative genomic hybridization to
Using comparative genomic hybridization to

... such as GC content, also contribute to variation in hybridization ratio, as does technical variation. Conclusions: Here we demonstrate that aCGH can accurately be used as a proxy to estimate genome-wide divergence, thus providing an efficient way to evaluate how evolutionary processes and genomic ar ...
Genetic Basis of Variation in Bacteria
Genetic Basis of Variation in Bacteria

... Organization of genetic material in bacteria: plasmids Examples of naturally-occuring plasmids and relevant features ...
Mendel`s Peas Exercise 1 - Part 2 - STAR
Mendel`s Peas Exercise 1 - Part 2 - STAR

... You are working in a company that produces strains of pea plants and ships them out all over the world to research labs. Your company prides itself on supplying only true-breeding pea plants that produce the identical pea plant offspring for many generations. You and your co-worker have successfully ...
BIOLOGY  SUPPORT   MATERIAL
BIOLOGY SUPPORT MATERIAL

... Haplontic life cycle- zygote (2n) divides by meiosis to form haploid (n) spores. Diplontic life-cycle- zygote (2n) divides mitotically, develops into embryo (2n). Oviparous animals lay eggs out-side the female body. Eggs can be fertilized/ unfertilized. Fertilized eggs covered which hard calcareous ...
Physical Mapping of a 670-kb Region of Chromosomes XVI and XVII
Physical Mapping of a 670-kb Region of Chromosomes XVI and XVII

... h49 and jl8. Restriction mapping of the isolated chromosomal bands and hybridization with chromosome specific gene probes showed that genes h49 and jl8 are located in a pair of size-polymorphic homologous chromosomes. To construct the integrated map of the chromosomes harboring the h49 and jl8 loci, ...
video slide
video slide

... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Sex-linked dosage-sensitive modifiers as imprinting
Sex-linked dosage-sensitive modifiers as imprinting

... Genome imprinting may be operationally defined as the process that results in the gamete-of-origin-dependent modification of phenotypes (Crouse, 1960; Monk, 1988). The involvement of genome imprinting in the modification of any particular phenotype has most often been recognized through a negative e ...
Specialized Transduction
Specialized Transduction

... subsequently in coliphage P1 (44), an unrelated temperate coliphage, has no such limitation (see chapter 130 in this volume). There is a second important distinction between specialized and generalized transduction. The limited set of host genes that λ naturally transduces can be stably incorporated ...
The Genetic Structure and Evolutionary Fate of Parthenogenetic
The Genetic Structure and Evolutionary Fate of Parthenogenetic

... of meiotic events. This suggested the occurrence of an endomitotic duplication of the somatic 3n ploidy. Activation of such eggs with sperm from the diploid species— A. jeffersonianum males in the case of A. platineum, and A. laterale males in the case of A. tremblayi—is accompanied by a normal meio ...
Mapping of QTL for body conformation and behavior in cattle
Mapping of QTL for body conformation and behavior in cattle

... Selection for these traits has relied solely on phenotypic and pedigree data, using statistical methods for partitioning the phenotypic performances of individuals into their additive genetic values plus environmental contributions. Previous attempts to detect nonproduction trait QTL in cattle were ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library

... 2009). We recently suggested that some aneuploid CNVs may be selected to balance the effects of mutations, epigenetic silencing, and other gene losses acquired during the continuous division of chromosomally unstable cancer cells (Bazeley et al., 2011). We now show evidence for increased mRNA levels ...
Row
Row

... The family included Czar Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra; their daughters, Olga, Maria, Tatiana, and Anastasia; and their son Alexis, who was a hemophiliac. In 1992, scientists in Russia started work on the identification of skeletons thought to be the remains of the Czar, his wife, and three of ...
Hybrid Sterility and Hybrid Breakdown
Hybrid Sterility and Hybrid Breakdown

... These proposed mechanisms may partly account for thecomplicated nature of postreproductive barriers in rice. ...
Consulta: creatorFacets:"Leitao, Alexandra" Registros recuperados
Consulta: creatorFacets:"Leitao, Alexandra" Registros recuperados

... Autores: Batista, Frederico M.; Lopez-sanmartin, Monserrat; Boudry, Pierre; Navas, Jose I.; Ruano, Francisco; Renault, Tristan; Fonseca, Vera G.; Leitao, Alexandra. Cytogenetic abnormalities associated with viral infections, including from viruses of the Herpesvirales order, have been reported in ve ...
SEX-DETector: a probabilistic approach to uncover sex
SEX-DETector: a probabilistic approach to uncover sex

... for non-model organisms. The methods cited thus far require that X and Y sequences be divergent enough not to coassemble or map onto one another. This means that they will work well in old systems but will probably fail with recently evolved sex chromosomes. Other approaches work well on young sex c ...
Chapter 21 Genomes
Chapter 21 Genomes

... Adult ...
Ch 21
Ch 21

... Adult ...
Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... Adult ...
Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution
Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution

... two S. pastorianus strains. This species is a partial allotetraploid originated from an S. cerevisiae ⳯ S. bayanus hybridization (Vaughan-Martini and Kurtzman, 1985; Casaregola et al. 2001; de Barros Lopes et al. 2002), and the amplified ECM34 promoter region probably corresponds to the S. cerevisia ...
Biology EOC Review Questions
Biology EOC Review Questions

... Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement does individual variation help explain? ...
Origin of Species
Origin of Species

... Polyploidy • Polyploidy is presence of extra sets of chromosomes due to accidents during cell division • It has caused the evolution of some plant species • An autopolyploid is an individual with more than two chromosome sets, derived from one species ...
Ch. 21
Ch. 21

... Adult ...
The vertebrate genome annotation (Vega) database
The vertebrate genome annotation (Vega) database

... quality which merits manual annotation. Although labour intensive and relatively slow compared with automatic annotation methods, manual annotation provides an invaluable reliable reference resource that can be used to predict gene structures on low coverage genomes from other vertebrate species. Th ...
< 1 ... 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 ... 586 >

Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report