Darwin and the Origin of Interspecific Genetic Incompatibilities.
... 2000) have formalized what is now known as the dominance theory. Muller was careful to note that the dominance of deleterious DMI effects in hybrids says nothing about the dominance of any possibly favorable effects of the substitutions within species—the preponderance of recessive DMIs does not imp ...
... 2000) have formalized what is now known as the dominance theory. Muller was careful to note that the dominance of deleterious DMI effects in hybrids says nothing about the dominance of any possibly favorable effects of the substitutions within species—the preponderance of recessive DMIs does not imp ...
PDF
... later developmental stages required an optimised, non-standard IFM protocol (see Materials and methods), whereas ISWI was visualised using a variety of different procedures. The antibodies were highly specific for ACF1 as they did not detect any protein in Acf1-null embryos or nuclear extracts deriv ...
... later developmental stages required an optimised, non-standard IFM protocol (see Materials and methods), whereas ISWI was visualised using a variety of different procedures. The antibodies were highly specific for ACF1 as they did not detect any protein in Acf1-null embryos or nuclear extracts deriv ...
Linkage Analysis of Extremely Discordant and Concordant Sibling
... determine only a small part of the large variation in menopausal age. Studies have shown that genetic factors are likely to be involved in variation in menopausal age. To identify quantitative-trait loci for this trait, we performed a genomewide linkage study with age at natural menopause as a conti ...
... determine only a small part of the large variation in menopausal age. Studies have shown that genetic factors are likely to be involved in variation in menopausal age. To identify quantitative-trait loci for this trait, we performed a genomewide linkage study with age at natural menopause as a conti ...
Arabidopsis thaliana: A Model Plant for Genome Analysis
... play in understanding basic principles of biology relevant to a variety of species, including humans. The emergence of a large, multinational research community devoted to the complete analysis of a single plant represents a dramatic paradigm shift for plant biology. Traditionally, advances in our u ...
... play in understanding basic principles of biology relevant to a variety of species, including humans. The emergence of a large, multinational research community devoted to the complete analysis of a single plant represents a dramatic paradigm shift for plant biology. Traditionally, advances in our u ...
Dissecting Gene Expression Changes Accompanying a Ploidy
... resembling laboratory strains. Our two disomes displayed similar transcriptional profiles, a phenomenon not driven by their shared smooth colony morphology nor simply by their karyotype. Surprisingly, the environmental stress response (ESR) was induced in F45, relative to the two disomes. We also id ...
... resembling laboratory strains. Our two disomes displayed similar transcriptional profiles, a phenomenon not driven by their shared smooth colony morphology nor simply by their karyotype. Surprisingly, the environmental stress response (ESR) was induced in F45, relative to the two disomes. We also id ...
Extracting Haplotypes from Diploid Organisms
... complex large plants and animals. At present, by far the biggest increase has come from human population studies. Over 10 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the human genome (the International HapMap Consortium 2005). Indeed, it was the Human Genome Project ...
... complex large plants and animals. At present, by far the biggest increase has come from human population studies. Over 10 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the human genome (the International HapMap Consortium 2005). Indeed, it was the Human Genome Project ...
Unit 1 Study Guide: Ecology and the Nature of Science
... A. Relate independent assortment to meiosis. B. Explain the processes of crossing over and random fertilization. When do these occur? C. Describe the importance of genetic variation D. Distinguish between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Illustrate these processes with diagrams. SG 3 – The Origin of G ...
... A. Relate independent assortment to meiosis. B. Explain the processes of crossing over and random fertilization. When do these occur? C. Describe the importance of genetic variation D. Distinguish between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Illustrate these processes with diagrams. SG 3 – The Origin of G ...
- CSHL Institutional Repository
... (mmc) and undergoes meiosis to give four haploid megaspores. Three of the spores undergo programmed cell death and the remaining one becomes the functional megaspore (Misra, 1962; Poliakova, 1964; Mansfield et al., 1991; Webb and Gunning, 1990). A large class of mutants that affect megasporogenesis ...
... (mmc) and undergoes meiosis to give four haploid megaspores. Three of the spores undergo programmed cell death and the remaining one becomes the functional megaspore (Misra, 1962; Poliakova, 1964; Mansfield et al., 1991; Webb and Gunning, 1990). A large class of mutants that affect megasporogenesis ...
Endosymbiosis Theory
... So far our data support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis theory. Now the question is when the event of endosymbiosis occurred for eukaryotic mitochondria , before or after the nucleus formed. Fist of all, phylogenetic evidence (Figure 5) supports that all mitochondrial genomes are descended from a co ...
... So far our data support the hypothesis of endosymbiosis theory. Now the question is when the event of endosymbiosis occurred for eukaryotic mitochondria , before or after the nucleus formed. Fist of all, phylogenetic evidence (Figure 5) supports that all mitochondrial genomes are descended from a co ...
January 1997 Biology 30 Grade 12 Diploma Examination
... Use the following information to answer the next question. At the embryonic level, there is not much difference between being male and being female. At the University of Texas, researcher M. D. Anderson discovered a point in embryonic development when ovaries are present in females and testes are p ...
... Use the following information to answer the next question. At the embryonic level, there is not much difference between being male and being female. At the University of Texas, researcher M. D. Anderson discovered a point in embryonic development when ovaries are present in females and testes are p ...
Genetics and Heredity
... generation, the word filial from the Latin word for "son") are the hybrid offspring. Allowing these F1 hybrids to self-pollinate produces: F2 generation (second filial generation). ...
... generation, the word filial from the Latin word for "son") are the hybrid offspring. Allowing these F1 hybrids to self-pollinate produces: F2 generation (second filial generation). ...
Multiple Barriers to Nonhomologous DNA End Joining
... Surprisingly, the triple mutants also produced a low frequency of ventralized embryos, indicating the DSB repair checkpoint is suppressed despite the persistence of unrepaired DSBs (Table 2). Thus, an alternative explanation for the suppression of eggshell phenotypes in the triple mutants is that ME ...
... Surprisingly, the triple mutants also produced a low frequency of ventralized embryos, indicating the DSB repair checkpoint is suppressed despite the persistence of unrepaired DSBs (Table 2). Thus, an alternative explanation for the suppression of eggshell phenotypes in the triple mutants is that ME ...
zChap07_140901 - Online Open Genetics
... Chapter 7 - Linkage and Mapping occurs during meiosis (mitotic recombination may also occur in some species, but it is relatively rare). If meiosis results in recombination, the products are said to have a recombinant genotype. On the other hand, if no recombination occurs during meiosis, the produ ...
... Chapter 7 - Linkage and Mapping occurs during meiosis (mitotic recombination may also occur in some species, but it is relatively rare). If meiosis results in recombination, the products are said to have a recombinant genotype. On the other hand, if no recombination occurs during meiosis, the produ ...
draft - University of Michigan
... such as Drosophila. This accelerated sequence divergence, known as “faster-X”, is most often attributed to positive selection fixing new, at least partially recessive mutations on the X chromosome more quickly than on the autosomes. This is because the effects of such mutations are masked by dominan ...
... such as Drosophila. This accelerated sequence divergence, known as “faster-X”, is most often attributed to positive selection fixing new, at least partially recessive mutations on the X chromosome more quickly than on the autosomes. This is because the effects of such mutations are masked by dominan ...
CHAPTER 15 THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE
... Morgan's results from this dihybrid testcross showed that the two genes were neither unlinked or totally linked. • If wing type and body color genes were unlinked, they would assort independently, and the progeny would show a 1:1:1:1 ratio of all possible phenotypic combinations. • If the genes were ...
... Morgan's results from this dihybrid testcross showed that the two genes were neither unlinked or totally linked. • If wing type and body color genes were unlinked, they would assort independently, and the progeny would show a 1:1:1:1 ratio of all possible phenotypic combinations. • If the genes were ...
ExomeDepth
... my.bam is a set character vector of indexed BAM files. fasta is the reference genome in fasta format (only useful if one wants to obtain the GC content). exons.hg19 are the positions and names of the exons on the hg19 reference genome (as shown above). include.chr defaults to false: if the BAM file ...
... my.bam is a set character vector of indexed BAM files. fasta is the reference genome in fasta format (only useful if one wants to obtain the GC content). exons.hg19 are the positions and names of the exons on the hg19 reference genome (as shown above). include.chr defaults to false: if the BAM file ...
Article The Pseudoautosomal Regions of the U/V Sex
... FIG. 2. Recombination frequency and distribution of TEs and gene density in the sex chromosome of Ectocarpus. The x axis indicates the physical position along the sex chromosome. Upper panel: y axis indicates the recombination rate (cM/Mb). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CI). The rec ...
... FIG. 2. Recombination frequency and distribution of TEs and gene density in the sex chromosome of Ectocarpus. The x axis indicates the physical position along the sex chromosome. Upper panel: y axis indicates the recombination rate (cM/Mb). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CI). The rec ...
Section 2
... • In mitosis, chromosomes are copied once, and then the nucleus divides once. In meiosis, chromosomes are copied once, and then the nucleus divides twice. • The process of meiosis produces sex cells, which have half the number of chromosomes. These two halves combine during reproduction. • In humans ...
... • In mitosis, chromosomes are copied once, and then the nucleus divides once. In meiosis, chromosomes are copied once, and then the nucleus divides twice. • The process of meiosis produces sex cells, which have half the number of chromosomes. These two halves combine during reproduction. • In humans ...
Evolutionary dynamics of full genome content in Escherichia coli
... should exist within species where it might be erased by either very high or very low rates of gene transfer and loss. The gene contents of the two closely related and recently derived laboratory isolates, MG1655 and W3110, are very similar, and there is also some degree of correspondence between gen ...
... should exist within species where it might be erased by either very high or very low rates of gene transfer and loss. The gene contents of the two closely related and recently derived laboratory isolates, MG1655 and W3110, are very similar, and there is also some degree of correspondence between gen ...
Developing Conclusions About Different Modes of Inheritance
... To begin across between two varieties of flies, you must secure a virgin female. Once inseminated; females retain viable sperm for several days. Thus, the only way to ensure a controlled mating between different genetic stocks is to use virgin females. The most common method for obtaining virgin fem ...
... To begin across between two varieties of flies, you must secure a virgin female. Once inseminated; females retain viable sperm for several days. Thus, the only way to ensure a controlled mating between different genetic stocks is to use virgin females. The most common method for obtaining virgin fem ...
Article Why There Are No Essential Genes on
... Conjugation can occur between any pair of individuals consisting of one plasmid bearer and one nonplasmid bearer. However, because in our system m; and mq individuals immediately die, we can ignore conjugation events featuring these types. Conjugation therefore occurs between w; individuals and wp, ...
... Conjugation can occur between any pair of individuals consisting of one plasmid bearer and one nonplasmid bearer. However, because in our system m; and mq individuals immediately die, we can ignore conjugation events featuring these types. Conjugation therefore occurs between w; individuals and wp, ...
Scene II: Will Alan ever play for the Lakers?
... Stacy recalls that about a year ago, a boy in Frank’s school was discovered to be HIV positive, presumably from contaminated blood with which he was transfused during heart surgery. Several parents demanded that the boy be removed from school, threatening to remove their own children if their demand ...
... Stacy recalls that about a year ago, a boy in Frank’s school was discovered to be HIV positive, presumably from contaminated blood with which he was transfused during heart surgery. Several parents demanded that the boy be removed from school, threatening to remove their own children if their demand ...
Virginia State Science Olympiad Regional Tournament
... a. Mitosis results in four haploid daughter cells, while meiosis results in two diploid daughter cells. b. DNA synthesis only occurs once before either mitosis or meiosis. c. During anaphase I, homologous pairs of chromatids are separated; during regular anaphase, homologous pairs of chromosomes are ...
... a. Mitosis results in four haploid daughter cells, while meiosis results in two diploid daughter cells. b. DNA synthesis only occurs once before either mitosis or meiosis. c. During anaphase I, homologous pairs of chromatids are separated; during regular anaphase, homologous pairs of chromosomes are ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.