Cananadian Journal of Microbiology 51:
... Abstract: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of different crops of Korea. A total of 16 isolates were selected and characterized. Thirteen of the isolates produced characteristics similar to those of the reference strains of Azospirillum, and the remaining 3 isolates were fo ...
... Abstract: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of different crops of Korea. A total of 16 isolates were selected and characterized. Thirteen of the isolates produced characteristics similar to those of the reference strains of Azospirillum, and the remaining 3 isolates were fo ...
Konopka benzer clock mutants of drosophila pnas 1971
... rhythms. This has been done for all combinations of the 3 rhythm mutant genes with each other and with the normal gene, measuring the activity rhythm on individual flies. Table 1 gives the results. Note the cases of heterozygotes with a mutant gene on one X chromosome and a normal gene on the other. ...
... rhythms. This has been done for all combinations of the 3 rhythm mutant genes with each other and with the normal gene, measuring the activity rhythm on individual flies. Table 1 gives the results. Note the cases of heterozygotes with a mutant gene on one X chromosome and a normal gene on the other. ...
Families of SMA - Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Gonadal Mosaicism: Some but not all sperm have deletion ...
... Gonadal Mosaicism: Some but not all sperm have deletion ...
A non-zero variance of Tajima`s estimator for two
... Nordborg, 2002). Felsenstein (2006) showed that the variance of maximum likelihood estimates of θ decreases approximately logarithmically with the number of individuals sampled. In contrast, the variance decreases inversely with the number of independent loci. Thus, to increase the accuracy of estim ...
... Nordborg, 2002). Felsenstein (2006) showed that the variance of maximum likelihood estimates of θ decreases approximately logarithmically with the number of individuals sampled. In contrast, the variance decreases inversely with the number of independent loci. Thus, to increase the accuracy of estim ...
A non-zero variance of Tajima`s estimator for two
... Nordborg, 2002). Felsenstein (2006) showed that the variance of maximum likelihood estimates of θ decreases approximately logarithmically with the number of individuals sampled. In contrast, the variance decreases inversely with the number of independent loci. Thus, to increase the accuracy of estim ...
... Nordborg, 2002). Felsenstein (2006) showed that the variance of maximum likelihood estimates of θ decreases approximately logarithmically with the number of individuals sampled. In contrast, the variance decreases inversely with the number of independent loci. Thus, to increase the accuracy of estim ...
Inheritance of Aldehyde Oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster
... Drosophila melanogaster One of the classic tools of genetic research is the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This organism has been employed in genetic studies for nearly 80 years and has played an important role in the development of our knowledge of heredity. Drosophila melanogaster has been a ...
... Drosophila melanogaster One of the classic tools of genetic research is the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This organism has been employed in genetic studies for nearly 80 years and has played an important role in the development of our knowledge of heredity. Drosophila melanogaster has been a ...
Prospects for Developing Perennial Grain Crops
... quickly or easily. There are two possible approaches to breeding perennial grains, each of which involves serious challenges (Cox TS et al. 2002). When both approaches are possible in a given group of species or genera, it may be advisable to pursue them in parallel because of their complementary st ...
... quickly or easily. There are two possible approaches to breeding perennial grains, each of which involves serious challenges (Cox TS et al. 2002). When both approaches are possible in a given group of species or genera, it may be advisable to pursue them in parallel because of their complementary st ...
Evolution of colour vision in primates
... 11. Double click on the origin_new_old_world.geneious document. This will load a file of 26 aligned mRNA sequences into the programme. The main Geneious window will show the mRNA sequences of part of the MWS and LWS opsins from the Old World primates we used before and, in addition, some New World ...
... 11. Double click on the origin_new_old_world.geneious document. This will load a file of 26 aligned mRNA sequences into the programme. The main Geneious window will show the mRNA sequences of part of the MWS and LWS opsins from the Old World primates we used before and, in addition, some New World ...
Genetics of allergic disease
... such as mode of inheritance, allele frequencies and penetrance. Sometimes these parameters can be estimated from segregation analyses, which is preferable; but, in most cases, the parameters are not known. No specification of a genetic model is needed in non-parametric approaches such as the sibling ...
... such as mode of inheritance, allele frequencies and penetrance. Sometimes these parameters can be estimated from segregation analyses, which is preferable; but, in most cases, the parameters are not known. No specification of a genetic model is needed in non-parametric approaches such as the sibling ...
Chromatin Evolution and Molecular Drive in Speciation
... to Mayr [3], reproductive isolation is an accidental byproduct of speciation. Recently, around a dozen “speciation genes” have been identified, and the biological functions of these genes are revealing molecular generalities that control hybrid sterility and inviability [4–8] (but see [9]). They are ...
... to Mayr [3], reproductive isolation is an accidental byproduct of speciation. Recently, around a dozen “speciation genes” have been identified, and the biological functions of these genes are revealing molecular generalities that control hybrid sterility and inviability [4–8] (but see [9]). They are ...
Giraud-speciation-review-2010
... diseases on novel hosts [7], but such adaptation is usually the result of selection among existing genetic variants or novel mutations within a fungal population [7,18]. Existing evolutionary theory tells us that adaptation to a new host will be most efficient if the flow of ancestral genes into the ...
... diseases on novel hosts [7], but such adaptation is usually the result of selection among existing genetic variants or novel mutations within a fungal population [7,18]. Existing evolutionary theory tells us that adaptation to a new host will be most efficient if the flow of ancestral genes into the ...
Linking the emergence of fungal plant diseases with ecological
... diseases on novel hosts [7], but such adaptation is usually the result of selection among existing genetic variants or novel mutations within a fungal population [7,18]. Existing evolutionary theory tells us that adaptation to a new host will be most efficient if the flow of ancestral genes into the ...
... diseases on novel hosts [7], but such adaptation is usually the result of selection among existing genetic variants or novel mutations within a fungal population [7,18]. Existing evolutionary theory tells us that adaptation to a new host will be most efficient if the flow of ancestral genes into the ...
drosophila melanogaster.
... showed by numerical computation that the modifier gene frequency changes from 0.01 to 0.99 in about 190 generations when the recombination values of the three possible genotypes M M , M m , and mm for a pair of modifier genes ( M and m ) are 0.0,0.05, and 0.1, respectively. I n the present case ther ...
... showed by numerical computation that the modifier gene frequency changes from 0.01 to 0.99 in about 190 generations when the recombination values of the three possible genotypes M M , M m , and mm for a pair of modifier genes ( M and m ) are 0.0,0.05, and 0.1, respectively. I n the present case ther ...
M.Tevfik Dorak, BA (Hons), MD, Ph.D.
... autosomes 1-22 and a sex chromosome is known as a haploid set. Cells which contain two complete sets (i.e. most cells except for mature germ cells) are diploid. Each chromosome contains its own unique sequence of DNA. Consequently, when the chromosomal DNA and its associated histone and non-histone ...
... autosomes 1-22 and a sex chromosome is known as a haploid set. Cells which contain two complete sets (i.e. most cells except for mature germ cells) are diploid. Each chromosome contains its own unique sequence of DNA. Consequently, when the chromosomal DNA and its associated histone and non-histone ...
Exogenous selection rather than cytonuclear incompatibilities
... differences in reciprocal crosses between species (e.g., Etterson et al. 2007; Martin and Willis 2010; Goodwillie and Ness 2013). Theory suggests that the direction with the lowest fitness in reciprocal crosses between species (isolation asymmetry) will vary with the relative rates of cytoplasm and ...
... differences in reciprocal crosses between species (e.g., Etterson et al. 2007; Martin and Willis 2010; Goodwillie and Ness 2013). Theory suggests that the direction with the lowest fitness in reciprocal crosses between species (isolation asymmetry) will vary with the relative rates of cytoplasm and ...
EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS AND GENETIC VARIATION OF
... 4N f Nm /(N f + Nm ) and that for haplodiploids or X-linked genes is Ne.hd - X = 9N f Nm /(2N f + 4Nm ), where N f is the number of breeding females and Nm is the number of breeding males (170). With equal sex ratios, the effective population size for haplodiploids or X-linked genes is 3/4 that of d ...
... 4N f Nm /(N f + Nm ) and that for haplodiploids or X-linked genes is Ne.hd - X = 9N f Nm /(2N f + 4Nm ), where N f is the number of breeding females and Nm is the number of breeding males (170). With equal sex ratios, the effective population size for haplodiploids or X-linked genes is 3/4 that of d ...
genetics - Your Heading Goes Here
... DO LabBench 3.I, on campbellbiology.com Print quiz, bring for stamp. A. Discuss the function of cell division and describe how genetic material is organized in chromosomes somatic cells gametes chromatin sister chromatids centromere B. Describe what major events occur during the G1, S, and G2 of int ...
... DO LabBench 3.I, on campbellbiology.com Print quiz, bring for stamp. A. Discuss the function of cell division and describe how genetic material is organized in chromosomes somatic cells gametes chromatin sister chromatids centromere B. Describe what major events occur during the G1, S, and G2 of int ...
High-order chromatin architecture determines the
... Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values (see Eq. 6 and 7). Considered models take into account different mechanisms of the generation of SCNA, with a mutation rate either: uniform in length (Uniform), derived from experimentally determined chromatin contact probabilities (HiC) or derived from co ...
... Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values (see Eq. 6 and 7). Considered models take into account different mechanisms of the generation of SCNA, with a mutation rate either: uniform in length (Uniform), derived from experimentally determined chromatin contact probabilities (HiC) or derived from co ...
Mollie K. Manier: Evolution Faculty Search
... sperm have evolved within Drosophila is knowing how variation in genotype relates to variation in phenotype. However, very little is known about the molecular basis for natural variation in sperm morphology or the cellular processes involved in sperm morphogenesis. I have applied a RAD (restriction- ...
... sperm have evolved within Drosophila is knowing how variation in genotype relates to variation in phenotype. However, very little is known about the molecular basis for natural variation in sperm morphology or the cellular processes involved in sperm morphogenesis. I have applied a RAD (restriction- ...
1 Title: Long-term natural selection affects patterns of
... Interestingly, while divergence increases monotonically on the autosomes, this is not true for the X chromosome (Figure 1). We observe that divergence initially increases with increasing distance from genes, then observe a dip in divergence in the bin [0.10.2] cM from genes on the X chromosome (Figu ...
... Interestingly, while divergence increases monotonically on the autosomes, this is not true for the X chromosome (Figure 1). We observe that divergence initially increases with increasing distance from genes, then observe a dip in divergence in the bin [0.10.2] cM from genes on the X chromosome (Figu ...
Genetics
... chromosome and therefore are inherited only when that respective chromosome is passed on; this is referred to as sex-linked inheritance. • X-linked genes can be passed on to either male or female offspring because each has at least one X chromosome. • Y-linked genes are inherited only with that chro ...
... chromosome and therefore are inherited only when that respective chromosome is passed on; this is referred to as sex-linked inheritance. • X-linked genes can be passed on to either male or female offspring because each has at least one X chromosome. • Y-linked genes are inherited only with that chro ...
PDF
... oligonucleotide array detected more transcripts that are less conserved compared to the known exons, especially those transcripts toward the end of the chromosome. ...
... oligonucleotide array detected more transcripts that are less conserved compared to the known exons, especially those transcripts toward the end of the chromosome. ...
Article 1 Title: The pseudoautosomal regions of the U/V sex
... behaviour of the PAR have mainly focused on organisms that have old, well-differentiated sex chromosomes such as humans and other mammals [10,11], and more recently birds [12]. These PARs have been shown to exhibit several unusual features compared with autosomes, including higher levels of recombin ...
... behaviour of the PAR have mainly focused on organisms that have old, well-differentiated sex chromosomes such as humans and other mammals [10,11], and more recently birds [12]. These PARs have been shown to exhibit several unusual features compared with autosomes, including higher levels of recombin ...
Analysis of large and small colony L5178Y tk−/− mouse lymphoma
... 1993,1994). This heterozygous system is important for measuring mutations because it models in vivo mechanisms leading to chemical induction of neoplasia. Mutant colonies isolated in the MLA fall into a bimodal size distribution, with the larger colonies growing at a rate typical of the tk+l~ cells ...
... 1993,1994). This heterozygous system is important for measuring mutations because it models in vivo mechanisms leading to chemical induction of neoplasia. Mutant colonies isolated in the MLA fall into a bimodal size distribution, with the larger colonies growing at a rate typical of the tk+l~ cells ...
Punctuated Equilibria: The Tempo and Mode of Evolution
... Abstract.-We believe that punctuational change dominates the history of life: evolution is concentrated in very rapid events of speciation (geologically instantaneous, even if tolerably continuous in ecological time). Most species, during their geological history, either do not change in any appreci ...
... Abstract.-We believe that punctuational change dominates the history of life: evolution is concentrated in very rapid events of speciation (geologically instantaneous, even if tolerably continuous in ecological time). Most species, during their geological history, either do not change in any appreci ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.