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... width to produce much current before the gate closes. The light events, on the other hand, start at approximately the same time (owing to the pulsed nature of the incident light), which is optimized to produce the most avalanche current. In the above, we assume that the light and dark counts have th ...
PWA_Mod02_Prob02_v02
PWA_Mod02_Prob02_v02

... Problems such as this one ask us to analyze a part of a circuit, one that is probably going to be connected to sources in some way in the future. We are asked to find the ratio of voltage to current at the terminals; this is the same thing as the resistance. How should we start this problem? What is ...
TLE 6711 G/GL Multifunctional Voltage Regulator and Watchdog Automotive Power
TLE 6711 G/GL Multifunctional Voltage Regulator and Watchdog Automotive Power

... The buck regulator supply is given by the boost converter output VBOOST, in case of a battery power-down the stored energy of the boost converter capacitor is used. Like the boost converter, the buck converter uses the temperature compensated bandgap reference voltage (typ. 2.8 V) for its regulation ...
Electrical Protection Methods and Devices
Electrical Protection Methods and Devices

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8.4. Practice Problems

... 2. The following circuit is used as the phase-shifting network for a two-stage FET oscilla. Determine the frequency of oscillation and the gain tor. Find the circuit’s beta, required from the amplifier. (30 points) R ...
Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission
Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission

Automotive Applications Automotive Relays Application Notes Typical Automotive Applications
Automotive Applications Automotive Relays Application Notes Typical Automotive Applications

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COMPARISON OF LINEAR AND SWITCHING DRIVE AMPLIFIERS

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Universal Calibrator for Electrical Quantities for Power

... voltages and currents. For such equipment the generation of transient signals is not a major challenge. It is technically feasible as for sinusoidal and periodic signals. However, sufficient transient memory and software support for the IEEE COMTRADE standard must be provided. In order to achieve a ...
AND9056 - High Performance IGBT for Induction Heating
AND9056 - High Performance IGBT for Induction Heating

... production of these IH cookers. The market for induction heating applications will grow tremendously, if production costs can be reduced, and more efficient IH cookers can be developed. Several parameters are to be considered when optimizing an IGBT. These include physical device properties such as ...
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STK392-020

... • High absolute maximum supply voltage (VCC max = ±44 V) • Low thermal resistance (θj-c = 2.1 °C/W) • High thermal stability (TC max = 125°C) • Isolated early stage and output stage power supplies • Output stage power supply switching supports high efficiency designs. ...
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IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

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A4923 - Allegro Microsystems

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NCP1612 - Enhanced, High‐Efficiency Power Factor Controller

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Low-Cost Current-Fed PMSM Drive System With Sinusoidal Input

... small LC input filter easily absorbs the high-frequency harmonics injected into the ac mains by the rectifier switching action. It should be noted that ...
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... jumper JU3. An open-drain RESET output changes from low to high whenever the LDO voltage rises to 92.5% of its regulated output. When LDO_OUT exceeds its rising threshold voltage, RESET remains low for the reset timeout period, and then goes high. The RESET signal can be monitored at test point TP1 ...
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... Only a few thousand were manufactured between 120 types, many Americans (not including these numbers, trial versions). The first junction transistor manufactured commercially was primitive compared to modern devices, with a maximum voltage between collector-emitter of 6 volts and a maximum current o ...
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... the automotive type of business. Electrical motors are far more energy efficient than conventional combustion engines running on petrol or diesel. The high price on oil as well as the awareness of environmental consequences of carbon dioxide emissions has forced the automotive manufactures to look a ...
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a CMOS 3 V/5 V, Wide Bandwidth Quad 2:1 ADG784

... The ADG784 is a monolithic CMOS device comprising four 2:1 multiplexer/demultiplexers with high impedance outputs. The CMOS process provides low power dissipation yet gives high switching speed and low on resistance. The on-resistance variation is typically less than 0.5 Ω with an input signal rangi ...
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... Schottky diode minimizes the size and number of external components needed for the bootstrap driver circuit. Only one external ceramic capacitor is required to configure the bootstrap driver. ...
4.5V to 28V Input, Synchronous PWM Buck Controllers
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... selectable pseudo-fixed frequencies. Both controllers can operate without an external bias supply. The controllers operate in synchronous-rectification mode to ensure balanced current sourcing and sinking capability of up to 25A. The MAX8553/MAX8554 also provide up to 95% efficiency, making them ide ...
Circuits - Mansfield Public Schools
Circuits - Mansfield Public Schools

DS1249Y/AB 2048k Nonvolatile SRAM
DS1249Y/AB 2048k Nonvolatile SRAM

< 1 ... 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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