• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Potentiometer
Potentiometer

AN1282 - NXP Semiconductors
AN1282 - NXP Semiconductors

... VCO, any change in voltage at this node causes a proportional frequency deviation determined by the gain of the VCO. Leakage currents are a common source of non-ideal voltage error at the XFCP node. Leakage currents either charge or discharge the C1XFCP capacitor. They are usually a result of a para ...
a CMOS Complete DDS AD9831
a CMOS Complete DDS AD9831

Mesh
Mesh

How to Build a Low-Cost, Extended-Range RFID Skimmer 15
How to Build a Low-Cost, Extended-Range RFID Skimmer 15

Training Wheels for Electrical Wave Files
Training Wheels for Electrical Wave Files

... signal is not distorted. On the Analogue instruments, you should not let the signal go over 50% of full scale on the signal strength indicator. On the Digital Instruments, you should try to maintain the signal strength to between 4 to 6 segments. These recorded sounds can then be downloaded to a PC ...
LT3505 - 1.2A, Step-Down Switching Regulator in 3mm x 3mm DFN
LT3505 - 1.2A, Step-Down Switching Regulator in 3mm x 3mm DFN

Datasheet - Texas Instruments
Datasheet - Texas Instruments

... This pin configures the output startup mode. If the SEQ pin is connected to BP, then when Output 2 is enabled, Output 1 is allowed to start after Output 2 has reached regulation; that is, sequential startup where Output 1 is slave to Output 2. If EN2 is allowed to go high after the outputs have been ...
“The CMOS Inverter” as a comparator in ADC designs
“The CMOS Inverter” as a comparator in ADC designs

... achieved. This maximum sampling rate reduces to 100 MHz for the 2 design. Simulation measurements are taken under ideal sampling conditions. In fact, the S/H circuit design is not included in this study. Fig. 4 shows the AC operation at the maximum sampling rate for the TIQ4. The DC and the AC resu ...
$doc.title

... 2IN − 2IN + ...
The MOSFET Device Symbols Device Equations
The MOSFET Device Symbols Device Equations

... it is applied to the gate, the circuit is called a common-source amplifier. If it is applied to the source, the circuit is called a common-gate amplifier. In some cases, separate inputs can be applied to both the gate and the source. In any of these cases, the drain output can be solved for by first ...
Introduction to measuring Instruments
Introduction to measuring Instruments

... of 10 mA. Neglecting the resistance of the instrument, calculate the approximate value of series resistance needed to enable the instrument to measure up to (a) 20 V (b) 100 V(c) 250 V A meter of resistance 50 ohms has a full scale deflection of 4 mA. Determine the value of shunt resistance required ...
LT8609/LT8609A/LT8609B - 42V, 2A/3A Peak
LT8609/LT8609A/LT8609B - 42V, 2A/3A Peak

... down to very low output currents while keeping the output ripple below 10mVP-P. A SYNC pin allows synchronization to an external clock, or spread spectrum modulation for low EMI operation. Internal compensation with peak current mode topology allows the use of small inductors and results in fast tra ...
Approved Mayor - Florida Swimming Pool Association
Approved Mayor - Florida Swimming Pool Association

... of 10 to 200 Hertz<< t>>T<
Advanced Linear Charge Mgmt IC for Single
Advanced Linear Charge Mgmt IC for Single

... absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage (VCC with respect to GND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 to +18 V Input voltage, SNS, BAT, TS, COMP (all with respect to GND ...
CRO notes(8th Unit)
CRO notes(8th Unit)

THREE PHASE INVERTER DEVELOPMENT USING COMMON
THREE PHASE INVERTER DEVELOPMENT USING COMMON

... smoothest and most even wave output. Any device will run on a pure sine wave, but some sensitive equipment, like certain medical equipment and variable speed or rechargeable tools, requires this type of inverter to operate correctly. Radios, for example, work better with pure sine wave inverters bec ...
Step Response
Step Response

... The time constant, or t, is the time that it takes the solution to move a certain portion of its way between its initial value and its final value. The solution moves exponentially towards its final value. For example, after five time constants (5t) the current has moved to within 1% of its final va ...
“The CMOS Inverter” as a comparator in ADC designs
“The CMOS Inverter” as a comparator in ADC designs

... achieved. This maximum sampling rate reduces to 100 MHz for the 2m design. Simulation measurements are taken under ideal sampling conditions. In fact, the S/H circuit design is not included in this study. Fig. 4 shows the AC operation at the maximum sampling rate for the TIQ4. The DC and the AC resu ...
x - UniMAP Portal
x - UniMAP Portal

NCL30060 - ON Semiconductor
NCL30060 - ON Semiconductor

... LED Drivers. It employs a constant on−time control method to ensure near unity power factor across a wide range of input voltages and output power. It can be used for isolated flyback as well as buck topologies. The device offers a suite of robust protection features to ensure safe operation under a ...
docx
docx

JUMO dTRON 304/308/316 plast Compact Controller for the plastics
JUMO dTRON 304/308/316 plast Compact Controller for the plastics

Aalborg Universitet Abulanwar, El-Saye Mohamed; Chen, Zhe; Iov, Florin
Aalborg Universitet Abulanwar, El-Saye Mohamed; Chen, Zhe; Iov, Florin

Overcurrent and Overcurrent Protective Devices
Overcurrent and Overcurrent Protective Devices

< 1 ... 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report