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APPLICATION BULLETIN
APPLICATION BULLETIN

... Gain A in this expression contains the frequency dependence that shapes the circuit’s frequency response. Note that the denominator of this response contains the feedback factor Z1/(Z1 + Z2). This makes the denominator 1 + Aβ and this relates the circuit to the model presented next. To more complete ...
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... A source of an external upper side MOSFET and a drain of an external lower side MOS-FET are connected with this pin. This pin becomes the return current path of the HDRV pin. This pin is connected with a transistor drain of the discharge MOS-FET for SOFT STOP in the IC (typical 30Ω). Also, this pin ...
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... Wide operating temperature range –40°C to +125°C 5 V to 15 V single supply; ±5 V dual supply ...
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... Using continuously under heavy loads (e.g. the application of high temperature/current/voltage and the significant change in temperature, etc.) may cause this product to decrease in the reliability significantly even if the operating conditions (i.e. operating temperature/current/voltage, etc.) are ...
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... ● It is recommended to operate the LEDs at a current greater than 10% of the sorting current to stabilize the LED characteristics. ● Care must be taken to ensure that the reverse voltage will not exceed the Absolute Maximum Rating when using the LEDs with matrix drive. ● Ensure that excessive voltag ...
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... at which it ceases to conduct being also out of operation. This is apparently be clearly and shar 1y defined. The medium cause the device is a step down transformer through which t e discharge passes being with an unchangeable single turn secondary con?ned and therefore constantly exposed to and if ...
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... fields creates a torsional strain pulse traveling at sonic speed through the waveguide. • The strain pulse is detected by the unit's electronics. – The elapsed time between the interrogation pulse and the detection of the strain pulse is used to determine the position position. – Resolution is a few ...
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... - Initial turn-on of the IC causes a fast change in the voltage of the supply from 0-to-VDD - this causes enough charge displacement in the substrate to bias the SCR Signals Larger than VDD - if input signals have large amounts of overshoot resulting in voltages larger than VDD or less than VSS they ...
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... Also exceeding the capability of an arrester will crack or puncture the metal-oxide disk(s), in effect reduce the arrester internal electrical resistance, thus, the condition will limit the arrester’s ability to survive future system conditions. This condition does not jeopardize the insulation prot ...
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... The working frequency is chosen to be 3 times lower than the resonant frequency Fres (see Figure 1.4) by adding an external capacitor. In the industry, two main topologies are used based on an alternative current supply: The driving oscillator (or Colpitts oscillator) or the bridge oscillator. The f ...
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... Mini DIPIPM with BSD Series APPLICATION NOTE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Features of Mini DIPIPM with BSD Mini DIPIPM with BSD is an ultra-small compact intelligent power module with transfer mold package favorable for larger mass production. Power chips, drive and protection circuits are integrated ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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