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A statistical survey of common-mode noise
A statistical survey of common-mode noise

... Common-mode rejection (CMR) techniques exist to prevent common-mode noise from being converted to normalmode voltage. These techniques relate to the ability of an amplifier to reject the effect of voltage applied to both input terminals simultaneously. The CMR ratio (CMRR) is the ratio in dB of the ...
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Chapter 11 - Inductors

Quasi-Stationary Modeling and Simulation of Electrical Circuits
Quasi-Stationary Modeling and Simulation of Electrical Circuits

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The History of the Light Bulb – An Electric Dawn - PS
The History of the Light Bulb – An Electric Dawn - PS

... Latin ‘filare’ which means ‘to spin’. The theory behind this change of tack in research was developed by James Prescott Joule, an English physicist who stated that if an electric current was passed through a resistant conductor, (the filament), this would itself glow hot with a good amount of the th ...
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30-4 LR Circuits
30-4 LR Circuits

... When one electrical circuit is connected to another, maximum power is transmitted when the output impedance of the first equals the input impedance of the second. The power delivered to the circuit will be a minimum when dP/dt = 0; this occurs when R1 = R2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
LTM4615 - Triple Output, Low Voltage
LTM4615 - Triple Output, Low Voltage

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Special OFFERS | Cialis Prices Mexico

... exceed the performance of recently-reported CNTFETs, there is considerable opportunity for progress in device performance. ...
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Tutorial Note 5 – Modulation Schemes

... Generating an NRZ-DPSK signal is straightforward, the only difference to NRZ is that the modulator is biased at its minimum and that it is driven with 2.Vπ. Each time the data change their logical value the phase of the optical carrier is altered by a 180°. The benefit of using a MZ modulator and no ...
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No Slide Title

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TS3DDR3812 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

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LMX2335/LMX2336/LMX2337 PLLatinum Dual Frequency Synthesizer for RF Personal Communications
LMX2335/LMX2336/LMX2337 PLLatinum Dual Frequency Synthesizer for RF Personal Communications

... Note 6: Activation of the RF2 PLL or RF1 PLL powerdown modes result in the disabling of the respective N counter divider and debiasing of its respective fIN inputs (to a high impedance state). The powerdown function is gated by the charge pump to prevent unwanted frequency jumps. Once the powerdown ...
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... the safe insertion and removal of circuit cards into live backplanes or ports without causing problematic glitches on the negative power-supply rail. They also monitor various circuit parameters and disconnect the load if a fault condition occurs, alerting the host with a logic-level FAULT output. T ...
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MAX483CUA-T中文资料

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Modelling of Modular Multilevel Converter Using Input Admittance

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Below is a schematic of a typical scooter electrical set up as far as
Below is a schematic of a typical scooter electrical set up as far as

... manufacturer uses special capacitors specifically made for ignitions, and not just like those mylar capacitor found on some electronic circuits. They are rated 400 to 630 volts. ranging from .47uf up to 2.2uf. Value is also so critical in every applications and designs. In this circuit, they use 1uf ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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