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Work Sheet
Work Sheet

... Represented I, measured in amps, also measured in series in a circuit unlike voltage which is measured in parallel (across a circuit). A=C/sec, that is, amps = amount of coulombs moved per second. LED: Light emitting diode. Simply put, this is a small light bulb. Resistor: a two-terminal electronic ...
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Science 9 – Electrical Principles
Science 9 – Electrical Principles

...  Parallel circuits (all loads are attached to the power source in branches)  Series circuits (loads share the power source) In a parallel circuit, all the loads will have the same voltage passing through them. This means the battery may burn out faster. In a series circuit, the loads share the ele ...
ppt - Animated Science
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... Figure f) shows the exponential relationship between iB and vBE. If magnitude of time-varying signal superimposed on dc quiescent pt is small => develop a linear r/ship between ac vBE and ac iB. This r/ship corresponds to the slope of curve at Q-point. Slope at Q-point is inversely proportional to a ...
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

L 26
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PHYS_3342_100611
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Models 7020 and 7020-D Digital I/O Cards
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... Although its sub-functions can be used independently, the AD538 is designed and specified as a complete analog computing system, with overall performance specified for both voltage and current inputs. Its dynamic range is 80dB for voltage signals-from 1mV to 1OV, and its current input range is 0.1 t ...
< 1 ... 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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