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EMI EMC unit 1
EMI EMC unit 1

... • This definition excludes the distortion products produced in a circuit due to nonlinearities. Although these distortion products may be undesirable, they are not considered noise unless they are coupled into another part of the circuit. • It follows that a desired signal in one part of a circuit c ...
Final Year Project - NUI Galway CompSoc
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speed control of dc shunt motor
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Ignition Basics
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... Spark plug wires are made of a conductive core and typically silicone rubber insulation. The core is usually a carbon impregnated fiber or wire. The conducting core is bent over at the wire end and the boot metal is crimped over the core/insulation of the wire. Many aftermarket wires come with no bo ...
Centaurus Linebacker 100 or 250 Watt Interruptible Power Supply for Emergency Lighting Applications
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Dharmendra Dongardiye et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and... ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 1), May...
Dharmendra Dongardiye et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and... ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 1), May...

... Sample-and-hold (S/H) circuits play an important role in the design of data-converter systems. They can greatly minimize errors due to slightly different delay times. However, when designing S/H circuit for low supply voltage operation, quite quickly we encounter a severe difficulty: the switch-driv ...
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... Unfortunately Ideal OPAMP does not exist in reality! Further attempts to reach ideality with these parameters will have trade off with respect to speed, power, voltage swings etc We will treat OPAMP as a “high gain differential amplifier” designed with an adequate performance metrics for a given app ...
STEVAL-ISA053V1
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... All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and service ...
to view the course outline.
to view the course outline.

... In this Module, you will gather all the pieces required for this course You will need the following items: 1. Sensor Kit - includes Arduino board and USB cable. 2. Textbook - Make: Sensors ISBN: 978-1-449-36810-4. 3. Soldering Iron & rosin core solder and wire cutters. ...
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... Say we had a situation as depicted such. A plant demanded a load of 250kVA. To account for this load the electricity commission installed a 300kVA transformer at the location of the plant, which served well to supply power to the plant. But say in the future the planted decided to expand and logical ...
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Resonance measurement of periodically driven contact potential

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... bandwidth performance. The generated photocurrent is proportional to the incident light power and it must be converted to voltage using a transimpedance configuration. The photodiode can be operated with or without an applied reverse bias depending on the application specific requirements. They are ...
temperature regulator km-rd3000
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... from a short circuit at the output through current-limiting and thermal-overload circuitry. In the fault condition when the output is shorted to ground, the output current is limited to 2A. Under these conditions, the part quickly heats up. When the junction temperature reaches +165°C, the thermal-o ...
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... The device has an MSL rating of Level 1. To determine this rating, preconditioning was performed to the device per the Pb-free solder profile defined within IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C, moisture / reflow sensitivity classification for non-hermetic solid state surface mount devices. ...
(a) Results based on the measurements on the circuit in Figure 3(a)
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Triple Differential Receiver with 200 Meter Adjustable Cable Equalization AD8124
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... limitations of the constituent materials and the thermal breakdown caused by increased power loss in the IGBT and diode chips. High operating temperatures are now made possible thanks to the new IGBT and diode structures, thus reducing the power loss. Meanwhile, one of the constituent materials that ...
ECT1012 Circuit Theory and Field Theory
ECT1012 Circuit Theory and Field Theory

... Thevenin’s Theorem is a very useful and frequently used theorem in circuit analysis. To verify Thevenin’s Theorem, consider a load resistor RL (or load impedance ZL) that is connected to a “black box” as shown in Figure 1. The black box can contain any combination of the circuit elements. Thevenin’s ...
Resistors in Series and Parallel
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... increases and decreases around any closed loop is zero. Resistance is the property of a circuit element (conductor) to oppose current flow. Resistance is defined by ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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