• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Section H7: Frequency Response of Op-Amp Circuits
Section H7: Frequency Response of Op-Amp Circuits

... section) and the amplifier may become unstable or marginally stable (in the marginally stable case, it exhibits behavioral characteristics of an oscillator). This potentially undesirable condition is avoided by internal frequency compensation or by including an external capacitor. In either case, si ...
ECE 472 POWER SYSTEMS II EXPERIMENT 4 – WEEK 5 TIME-OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
ECE 472 POWER SYSTEMS II EXPERIMENT 4 – WEEK 5 TIME-OVERCURRENT PROTECTION

Permanent Magnet Generators
Permanent Magnet Generators

... has been replaced by a system made up of ...
Charge
Charge

SIGC04T60G
SIGC04T60G

... The information herein is given to describe certain components and shall not be considered as warranted characteristics. Terms of delivery and rights to technical change reserved. We hereby disclaim any and all warranties, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement, regarding circui ...
Low-Noise, High-Precision, JFET
Low-Noise, High-Precision, JFET

... VS = +8V (±4V) and up to VS = +36V (±18V). This device does not require symmetrical supplies; it only requires a minimum supply voltage of 8V. Supply voltages higher than +40V (±20V) can permanently damage the device; see the Absolute Maximum Ratings table. Key parameters are specified over the oper ...
A New Building Block to Light the Way to Rapid Ballast
A New Building Block to Light the Way to Rapid Ballast

TMP17 - Analog Devices
TMP17 - Analog Devices

... Two primary limits of error are given for the TMP17 such that the correct grade for any given application can easily be chosen for the overall level of accuracy required. They are the calibration accuracy at +25ⴗC and the error over temperature from –40ⴗC to +105ⴗC. These specifications correspond t ...
CONSTRUCTING A LASER DANCE MATRIX
CONSTRUCTING A LASER DANCE MATRIX

Physics 102 RC Circuit Lab – Answers to Related Exercises
Physics 102 RC Circuit Lab – Answers to Related Exercises

Reset Switch or Normally Open Contact
Reset Switch or Normally Open Contact

MAX1730 50mA Regulated Step-Down Charge Pump for 1.8V or 1.9V Logic General Description
MAX1730 50mA Regulated Step-Down Charge Pump for 1.8V or 1.9V Logic General Description

... 1, 2, and 3). Efficiency is greatest when the IN/OUT voltage ratio is close to the voltage ratio of the selected capacitor configuration and decreases for output voltages lower than the divider ratio. To choose between configurations, the MAX1730 senses the input voltage and the output voltage. The ...
operational amplifier design with rail to rail supply voltage output
operational amplifier design with rail to rail supply voltage output

... In the recent years developments in the field of wireless communication and biomedical signal processing demand of analog circuits working on low supply voltages and reduced power dissipation has been increased.[1-2]. Operational amplifiers are the main analog building block required for these appli ...
800 kVA - 1153 Amps per phase
800 kVA - 1153 Amps per phase

... bridge, protected by a surge suppressor. The AVR has in-built protection against sustained overexcitation, caused by internal or external faults. This de-excites the machine after a minimum of 5 seconds. Over voltage protection is built-in and short circuit current level adjustments is an optional f ...
Playing with Radio Controlled Cars
Playing with Radio Controlled Cars

Shure Phonograph Pickups
Shure Phonograph Pickups

... I n the design of phonograph equipment, quality performance is not automatically assured by choosing better-grade components for the play-back mechanism. The circuit connecting the Pickup to the amplifier plays an important part i n the satisfaction which the user obtains from the instrument. Figure ...
Understanding Hall Effect Sensors
Understanding Hall Effect Sensors

... There are several ways to troubleshoot Hall Effect Sensors. One is to use a self-powered “indicator light” type of Hall Effect Tester that flashes when the sensor’s output signal changes. If the sensor is being tested on the vehicle, simply plug the tester into the sensor, then crank the engine and ...
BU931P
BU931P

... @ hFE = 100 ...
EE 340 – Transmission Lines
EE 340 – Transmission Lines

... • For long lines, both the shunt capacitance and the series impedance must be treated as distributed quantities. The voltages and currents on the line are found by solving differential equations of the line. • However, it is possible to model a long transmission line as a π model with a modified ser ...
Using a DS1802 Pushbutton Digital Potentiometer
Using a DS1802 Pushbutton Digital Potentiometer

... resistors is large, the majority of the AC signal could potentially be lost. This would decrease the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Thus, it is advisable to make the resistance of the two R2 resistors relatively small. However, doing so will in turn affect the DC current of the system. Last, t ...
DC circuit calculations This worksheet and all related files
DC circuit calculations This worksheet and all related files

... It is important to always apply Ohm’s Law in context: V = IR is true only if V , I, and R apply to the same component or set of components. Here, the 36 volts of the source applies to all three resistors, not to any one resistor. However, we may apply the principle of resistances adding in series to ...
Principle of LCD Display
Principle of LCD Display

Source Transformation
Source Transformation

INA19xA-Q1: Current Shunt Monitors With -16-V to 80
INA19xA-Q1: Current Shunt Monitors With -16-V to 80

... The value chosen for the shunt resistor, RS, depends on the application and is a compromise between smallsignal accuracy and maximum permissible voltage loss in the measurement line. High values of RS provide better accuracy at lower currents by minimizing the effects of offset, while low values of ...
Bringing light to life part1
Bringing light to life part1

... LED driver MR16 LED bulb design Controller, Ref design High brightness LEDs driver Off line LED Bulb/T8 Ref design Multi Channel LED driver System solutions ( Triac, DALI, 0 to 10V) WEBENCH Architect ...
< 1 ... 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report