Assembly in G1 phase and long-term stability are unique
... G1-phase histone assembly is restricted to CENP-A and H4 We previously used SNAP labeling to demonstrate that incorporation of nascent CENP-A is restricted to a brief window during early G1 phase (Jansen et al., 2007). SNAP is a self-labeling suicide enzyme that covalently and irreversibly reacts wi ...
... G1-phase histone assembly is restricted to CENP-A and H4 We previously used SNAP labeling to demonstrate that incorporation of nascent CENP-A is restricted to a brief window during early G1 phase (Jansen et al., 2007). SNAP is a self-labeling suicide enzyme that covalently and irreversibly reacts wi ...
Text S1: Genome-Wide High-Resolution Mapping of UV
... adjustment was about 300 bp. The conversion window for the Class C1 event of 8RW was about 7 kb. There were eight unselected crossovers that had no detectable associated conversion tracts. For these events, we used the window between the closest heterozygous and homozygous SNPs. In a similar manner, ...
... adjustment was about 300 bp. The conversion window for the Class C1 event of 8RW was about 7 kb. There were eight unselected crossovers that had no detectable associated conversion tracts. For these events, we used the window between the closest heterozygous and homozygous SNPs. In a similar manner, ...
Lecture 32 – PDF
... (i) In para- and pericentric inversions, single crossovers occurring within the inversion loop generate duplicated/deficient gametes that result in zygotic lethality. Occurrence of duplicated/deficient gametes is expected to translate into a reduction in fertility in inversion heterozygotes. This as ...
... (i) In para- and pericentric inversions, single crossovers occurring within the inversion loop generate duplicated/deficient gametes that result in zygotic lethality. Occurrence of duplicated/deficient gametes is expected to translate into a reduction in fertility in inversion heterozygotes. This as ...
Genetic Analyses of Agronomic Traits Controlled by Wheat
... determined by heading date; however, none of the previous research was designed to determine the number of loci affecting the trait. A unimodal normal distribution was observed for grain yield, kernel number per spike, kernel weight, spike number per square meter, grain volume weight, and plant heig ...
... determined by heading date; however, none of the previous research was designed to determine the number of loci affecting the trait. A unimodal normal distribution was observed for grain yield, kernel number per spike, kernel weight, spike number per square meter, grain volume weight, and plant heig ...
Imprinting of the Y Chromosome Influences Dosage Compensation
... C(1)DX y1f1; [w14D4.3] females. To obtain males with maternal and paternal roX1 roX2 chromosomes from the same mothers, roX1ex6 roX2/Df(1)nod FM7a; [w14D4.3]/1 females were generated. These females have nonexchange X chromosomes, lack nod, and display .50% nondisjunction of their X chromosomes, cons ...
... C(1)DX y1f1; [w14D4.3] females. To obtain males with maternal and paternal roX1 roX2 chromosomes from the same mothers, roX1ex6 roX2/Df(1)nod FM7a; [w14D4.3]/1 females were generated. These females have nonexchange X chromosomes, lack nod, and display .50% nondisjunction of their X chromosomes, cons ...
Homologous Recombination Between Episomal Plasmids and Chromosomes in Yeast.
... mitotic recombination between closely linked markers. This result was reproduced in the mitotic crosses in Table 3, where factors of increase of more than tenfold relative to the spontaneous rate were found. However, the stimulation of recombination between plasmid and chromosome by the same doses o ...
... mitotic recombination between closely linked markers. This result was reproduced in the mitotic crosses in Table 3, where factors of increase of more than tenfold relative to the spontaneous rate were found. However, the stimulation of recombination between plasmid and chromosome by the same doses o ...
definitive non definitive non-invasive invasive prenatal diagnosis
... • Lower fraction of cff DNA in obese patients • Lower fraction cff DNA under 10 weeks • Detecting single trisomic fetus in multiple gestation a concern, but recent work indicates high detection rates ...
... • Lower fraction of cff DNA in obese patients • Lower fraction cff DNA under 10 weeks • Detecting single trisomic fetus in multiple gestation a concern, but recent work indicates high detection rates ...
the human y chromosome, in the light of evolution
... that tissue specificity reflects functionality, the human Y thus harbours remarkably low gene-functional diversity. In fact, if classified jointly by location and apparent function, known human Y genes boil down to pseudoautosomal loci and three basic classes of non-recombining, male-specific loci. ...
... that tissue specificity reflects functionality, the human Y thus harbours remarkably low gene-functional diversity. In fact, if classified jointly by location and apparent function, known human Y genes boil down to pseudoautosomal loci and three basic classes of non-recombining, male-specific loci. ...
Presentation
... Kornberg showed that DNA contains information for its own replication. In a test tube: DNA, the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and DNA polymerase enzyme. The DNA is a template for synthesis of new DNA. ...
... Kornberg showed that DNA contains information for its own replication. In a test tube: DNA, the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and DNA polymerase enzyme. The DNA is a template for synthesis of new DNA. ...
Nongenic transcription, gene regulation and action at a distance
... but not other genes with powerful upstream activation sequences (e.g. TEF1 and TEF2) (Bi and Broach, 1999), CHA1 – which flanks the HML mating-type locus – becomes a robust barrier when induced by serine (Donze and Kamakaka, 2001), and inverting the β-globin LCR destroys much of its activity (Tanimo ...
... but not other genes with powerful upstream activation sequences (e.g. TEF1 and TEF2) (Bi and Broach, 1999), CHA1 – which flanks the HML mating-type locus – becomes a robust barrier when induced by serine (Donze and Kamakaka, 2001), and inverting the β-globin LCR destroys much of its activity (Tanimo ...
zChap03_140901 - Online Open Genetics
... conclusions (1865) without knowing about the relationships between genes, chromosomes, and DNA. We now know the reason why more than one allele of a gene can be present in an individual: most eukaryotic organisms have at least two sets of homologous chromosomes. For organisms that are predominantly ...
... conclusions (1865) without knowing about the relationships between genes, chromosomes, and DNA. We now know the reason why more than one allele of a gene can be present in an individual: most eukaryotic organisms have at least two sets of homologous chromosomes. For organisms that are predominantly ...
N. crassa et al. However, despite the speed and
... mitosis. Tetrad or half-tetrad analysis is thus essential for centromere mapping. Crossing over occurs at the four-chromatid stage. Marker alleles at a locus proximal to the first chiasma in a chromosome arm will segregate with the parental centromeres at the first division while markers that lie di ...
... mitosis. Tetrad or half-tetrad analysis is thus essential for centromere mapping. Crossing over occurs at the four-chromatid stage. Marker alleles at a locus proximal to the first chiasma in a chromosome arm will segregate with the parental centromeres at the first division while markers that lie di ...
Human Genes
... Human Chromosomes Cell biologists analyze chromosomes by looking at karyotypes. Cells are photographed during mitosis. Scientists then cut out the chromosomes from the photographs and group them together in pairs. A picture of chromosomes arranged in this way is known as a karyotype. Slide 2 of 43 C ...
... Human Chromosomes Cell biologists analyze chromosomes by looking at karyotypes. Cells are photographed during mitosis. Scientists then cut out the chromosomes from the photographs and group them together in pairs. A picture of chromosomes arranged in this way is known as a karyotype. Slide 2 of 43 C ...
Punnett Squares
... Tall plants can have green or yellow seeds So the inheritance of one does not affect the inheritance of the other. Mendel noticed this with all the traits he studied ...
... Tall plants can have green or yellow seeds So the inheritance of one does not affect the inheritance of the other. Mendel noticed this with all the traits he studied ...
ch 6 Jeopardy Meiosis and Mendel
... • A ______________ allele is the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present. A ______________ allele is only expressed when two copies are present. ...
... • A ______________ allele is the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present. A ______________ allele is only expressed when two copies are present. ...
Ch 14 - Narragansett Pier School
... Concept 15.2: Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns of inheritance Concept 15.3: Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome Concept 15.4: Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders Concept 15.5: Some i ...
... Concept 15.2: Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns of inheritance Concept 15.3: Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome Concept 15.4: Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders Concept 15.5: Some i ...
Journal of Genomics The Sex Chromosomes of Frogs: Variability
... may harbor dose insensitive genes. Consider a novel sex determining locus that can arise in one of two locations in the genome, one that is characterized by largely dose-sensitive genes and one characterized by largely dose-insensitive genes: the immediate fitness cost should be higher if the new lo ...
... may harbor dose insensitive genes. Consider a novel sex determining locus that can arise in one of two locations in the genome, one that is characterized by largely dose-sensitive genes and one characterized by largely dose-insensitive genes: the immediate fitness cost should be higher if the new lo ...
Positional dependence of transcriptional inhibition by DNA torsional
... eukaryotic cells, however, chromosomes are linear and DNA is folded into more complex chromatin fibres. Therefore, the issue of whether DNA is organized into closed topological domains in which helical tension is constrained is less clear and remains controversial (Eissenberg et al, 1985; Esposito a ...
... eukaryotic cells, however, chromosomes are linear and DNA is folded into more complex chromatin fibres. Therefore, the issue of whether DNA is organized into closed topological domains in which helical tension is constrained is less clear and remains controversial (Eissenberg et al, 1985; Esposito a ...
Solving the structure of DNA
... DNA replication must have high fidelity. Why? Well, if DNA replication was low fidelity the consequences would be: ...
... DNA replication must have high fidelity. Why? Well, if DNA replication was low fidelity the consequences would be: ...
The eukaryotic genome: a system regulated at different hierarchical
... methylation of histone H3 at Lys4 is associated with transcriptional activity, (SantosRosa et al., 2002; Zegerman et al., 2002). Together, this set of post-translational modifications represents the histone code (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001; Strahl and Allis, 2000; Turner, 2002), which adds an extra le ...
... methylation of histone H3 at Lys4 is associated with transcriptional activity, (SantosRosa et al., 2002; Zegerman et al., 2002). Together, this set of post-translational modifications represents the histone code (Jenuwein and Allis, 2001; Strahl and Allis, 2000; Turner, 2002), which adds an extra le ...
X Chromosome Aneuploidy: A Look at the Effects of X Inactivation
... chromosome, and binds to the XIST RNA, keeping the XIST RNA from binding to that chromosome and inactivating it (Owaga, 2003). In contrast, only XIST RNA is found on the inactivated X chromosome (Plath et al., 2002). Compared to autosomal chromosomes, the X chromosome has significantly more inverted ...
... chromosome, and binds to the XIST RNA, keeping the XIST RNA from binding to that chromosome and inactivating it (Owaga, 2003). In contrast, only XIST RNA is found on the inactivated X chromosome (Plath et al., 2002). Compared to autosomal chromosomes, the X chromosome has significantly more inverted ...
Ineritance Packet inheritancepacket
... DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the molecule that codes for our traits. CHROMOSOME - A structure found in the nucleus of a cell. It consists of DNA and proteins. A chromosome contains smaller segments called GENES. GENE- A segment of a chromosome that determines a particular trait of an organism b ...
... DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the molecule that codes for our traits. CHROMOSOME - A structure found in the nucleus of a cell. It consists of DNA and proteins. A chromosome contains smaller segments called GENES. GENE- A segment of a chromosome that determines a particular trait of an organism b ...
DNA CLONING
... Do not kill its bacterial host: About 1000 phage particles are produced per cell generation and released into the medium Formas plaques on a lawn of bacteria which is due to the slower growth of bacteria wher infected by the phage, not cell lysis ...
... Do not kill its bacterial host: About 1000 phage particles are produced per cell generation and released into the medium Formas plaques on a lawn of bacteria which is due to the slower growth of bacteria wher infected by the phage, not cell lysis ...
Chapter 5 Gases - Saint Demetrios Astoria School
... By An Allele On An X Chromosome? (cont’d.) • Most genes involved in proper function of pigment-containing receptors in the eyes are on the X chromosome – Color blindness includes a range of conditions in which an individual cannot distinguish among some or all colors • Some confuse red and green col ...
... By An Allele On An X Chromosome? (cont’d.) • Most genes involved in proper function of pigment-containing receptors in the eyes are on the X chromosome – Color blindness includes a range of conditions in which an individual cannot distinguish among some or all colors • Some confuse red and green col ...
3283 Proper chromatin condensation and sister chromatid
... SMC2/SMC4 heterodimers assemble with three other nonSMC proteins to form the ‘condensin’ complex, which is involved in mitotic chromosome condensation and dosage compensation (Hirano and Mitchison, 1994; Lieb et al., 1998; Sutani et al., 1999; Kimura et al., 2001). Members of the SMC1 and SMC3 famil ...
... SMC2/SMC4 heterodimers assemble with three other nonSMC proteins to form the ‘condensin’ complex, which is involved in mitotic chromosome condensation and dosage compensation (Hirano and Mitchison, 1994; Lieb et al., 1998; Sutani et al., 1999; Kimura et al., 2001). Members of the SMC1 and SMC3 famil ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.