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JSReviewExam#4
JSReviewExam#4

... Know SNPs: commmon point mutations; i.e. eye color; there are 3 milliion SNPs between one human and another Understand nondisjunction: causes cancer if happens in anaphase of mitosis; causes gametes with extra or missing chromosome in meiosis Most human fetuses with extra or missing chromosomes misc ...
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Genetics worksheet - School of Medical Sciences
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... female and XY in the male). The X chromosome is longer than the Y, and carries alleles for genes that are not present on the Y chromosome. In the male, recessive alleles on the single X chromosome cannot be masked (as they often are by dominant alleles in the female). Consequently, rare recessive co ...
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... - Adjoin the promoter region, but can be quite distant • Regulators, which take the form of proteins that bind the DNA, operate the switches - Called transcription factors (TF’s) • When and how much RNA is made often is the product of multiple elements and regulators ...
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... disorders of sex determination and differentiation. The term mixed gonadal dysgenesis is sometimes used for this group. ‘Gonadal dysgenesis’ means inadequate development of the gonads also known as Disorders of Sex Development. These are among the most complex conditions encountered by the clinician ...
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... other parts of the body, where they influence chemical reactions and regulate various ...
The phases of meiosis II
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... • In the body cells of animals and most plants, chromosomes occur in pairs – there are 2 of each. • A cell with two of each kind of chromosome is called a diploid cell and contains a, 2n, number of chromosomes. You will find these cells in most of the body. ...
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X-inactivation



X-inactivation (also called lyonization) is a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by its being packaged in such a way that it has a transcriptionally inactive structure called heterochromatin. As nearly all female mammals have two X chromosomes, X-inactivation prevents them from having twice as many X chromosome gene products as males, who only possess a single copy of the X chromosome (see dosage compensation). The choice of which X chromosome will be inactivated is random in placental mammals such as humans, but once an X chromosome is inactivated it will remain inactive throughout the lifetime of the cell and its descendants in the organism. Unlike the random X-inactivation in placental mammals, inactivation in marsupials applies exclusively to the paternally derived X chromosome.
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