lecture notes
... Hood’s “taxation,” people avoided going through the forest whenever possible. If Robin Hood had confiscated only a portion, his band’s revenue might have been higher as less people would have avoided or evaded the forest (taxes). C. Supply side economists offer two additional reasons for lowering th ...
... Hood’s “taxation,” people avoided going through the forest whenever possible. If Robin Hood had confiscated only a portion, his band’s revenue might have been higher as less people would have avoided or evaded the forest (taxes). C. Supply side economists offer two additional reasons for lowering th ...
Article X, Section 20 Colorado Constitution
... • The limit for most local governments is the amount of revenue collected in the prior year adjusted for inflation plus local growth • School districts are adjusted for enrollment growth plus inflation ...
... • The limit for most local governments is the amount of revenue collected in the prior year adjusted for inflation plus local growth • School districts are adjusted for enrollment growth plus inflation ...
Reaganomics / Supply
... Furthermore, if macroeconomic policies were credible, then decision makers' inflation expectations would adjust quickly and the economy would adjust quickly to the new equilibrium. To see how this works, let's look back at what we learned about inflation earlier - that inflation is a monetary phenom ...
... Furthermore, if macroeconomic policies were credible, then decision makers' inflation expectations would adjust quickly and the economy would adjust quickly to the new equilibrium. To see how this works, let's look back at what we learned about inflation earlier - that inflation is a monetary phenom ...
National Retail Sales Tax as a Replacement for Income Tax
... savings and investment. The current income tax system imposes a tax on savings and investment income, discouraging the savings and investment that are necessary to ensure our nation’s economic growth and prosperity. ...
... savings and investment. The current income tax system imposes a tax on savings and investment income, discouraging the savings and investment that are necessary to ensure our nation’s economic growth and prosperity. ...
Ronald Reagan and the Spirit of Free Enterprise
... The facts reveal the statists’ failure: Since 1980, U.S. marginal tax rates fell some 40 percent on income and 75 percent on capital gains and dividends, and the American added close to 50 million jobs. At the same time, Europe and ...
... The facts reveal the statists’ failure: Since 1980, U.S. marginal tax rates fell some 40 percent on income and 75 percent on capital gains and dividends, and the American added close to 50 million jobs. At the same time, Europe and ...
Figure 11.1 A Price Distorting Tax Versus A Lump
... that can be made to firms producing it, they may shift their productive resources to the other good so as to maximize their after-tax rate-of-return in both markets. ...
... that can be made to firms producing it, they may shift their productive resources to the other good so as to maximize their after-tax rate-of-return in both markets. ...
city of shawnee ordinance no. 3086 an ordinance calling for a
... of one-eighth of one percent (0.125%), with approximately one-half of the revenue therefrom pledged for use for acquiring and/or improving land for park or recreation purposes and approximately one-half for storm drainage improvements including repayment of bonds issued for those purposes, said tax ...
... of one-eighth of one percent (0.125%), with approximately one-half of the revenue therefrom pledged for use for acquiring and/or improving land for park or recreation purposes and approximately one-half for storm drainage improvements including repayment of bonds issued for those purposes, said tax ...
01 02
... from state universities are examples of services that can be sold for revenue. Governments may also charge user fees, impose fines, or earn money by investing their cash balances in the financial markets. Third, governments may take the resources they need. Because of the perception of arbitrary beh ...
... from state universities are examples of services that can be sold for revenue. Governments may also charge user fees, impose fines, or earn money by investing their cash balances in the financial markets. Third, governments may take the resources they need. Because of the perception of arbitrary beh ...
Chapter 8 Application
... What is the best predictor of whether reducing a tax in a market will increase or decrease tax revenue? ANSWER: The best predictor is the elasticity of supply and the elasticity of demand in the market. The more elastic supply and demand are in a market, the more taxes in that market distort behavio ...
... What is the best predictor of whether reducing a tax in a market will increase or decrease tax revenue? ANSWER: The best predictor is the elasticity of supply and the elasticity of demand in the market. The more elastic supply and demand are in a market, the more taxes in that market distort behavio ...
How can we solve market failure - Business-TES
... sometimes known as “making the polluter pay”. Introducing a tax increases the private cost of consumption or production and ought to reduce demand and output for the good that is creating the externality. According to the Department of the Environment, “Taxes send a signal to polluters that our envi ...
... sometimes known as “making the polluter pay”. Introducing a tax increases the private cost of consumption or production and ought to reduce demand and output for the good that is creating the externality. According to the Department of the Environment, “Taxes send a signal to polluters that our envi ...
TAXATION
... good tax system is therefore based on some principles. Adam Smith has formulated four important principles of taxation. A few more have been suggested by various other economists. These principles which a good tax system should follow are called canons of taxation. ...
... good tax system is therefore based on some principles. Adam Smith has formulated four important principles of taxation. A few more have been suggested by various other economists. These principles which a good tax system should follow are called canons of taxation. ...
Derivation of Ramsey`s Optimal Tax Formula
... Assumption 3 Lump sum taxes are not available. In addition to the N goods under consideration, there is at least one other good that cannot be taxed. Assumption 4 Hicksian cross-price elasticities are zero. Assumption 5 The required government spending G is fixed - it does not depend on the chosen m ...
... Assumption 3 Lump sum taxes are not available. In addition to the N goods under consideration, there is at least one other good that cannot be taxed. Assumption 4 Hicksian cross-price elasticities are zero. Assumption 5 The required government spending G is fixed - it does not depend on the chosen m ...
Supply-side policy
... Suppose taxpayers are required to pay a base tax $50 plus 50% on any income over $200. Suppose further that the taxing authority wishes to decrease by $30 the taxes of people with incomes of $300. If the marginal tax rates are to remain unchanged, what will the new tax base be? If the base tax of $5 ...
... Suppose taxpayers are required to pay a base tax $50 plus 50% on any income over $200. Suppose further that the taxing authority wishes to decrease by $30 the taxes of people with incomes of $300. If the marginal tax rates are to remain unchanged, what will the new tax base be? If the base tax of $5 ...
TOOLS OF NORMATIVE ANALYSIS
... Balanced-budget incidence: computes the combined effects of levying taxes and government spending financed by those taxes. In general, the distributional effect of a tax depends on how the government spends the money. ...
... Balanced-budget incidence: computes the combined effects of levying taxes and government spending financed by those taxes. In general, the distributional effect of a tax depends on how the government spends the money. ...
Chapter 12
... Mobility of Factors: If a factor is immobile, the taxed factor will bear the entire burden of a partial factor tax. It cannot escape the tax by migrating to another sector. Variability of factors: If factors are variable, then in the long run, less of the taxed factor will be supplied. For example ...
... Mobility of Factors: If a factor is immobile, the taxed factor will bear the entire burden of a partial factor tax. It cannot escape the tax by migrating to another sector. Variability of factors: If factors are variable, then in the long run, less of the taxed factor will be supplied. For example ...
February 26, 2001
... MTAS legal consultant, Sid Hemsley advised that TCA 7-34-115 (a) (9) is the statute on water and wastewater and that absent a formula or method in this statute, a city can use some “reasonable” method for determining such payments that are not to “exceed the amount of taxes payable privately owned ...
... MTAS legal consultant, Sid Hemsley advised that TCA 7-34-115 (a) (9) is the statute on water and wastewater and that absent a formula or method in this statute, a city can use some “reasonable” method for determining such payments that are not to “exceed the amount of taxes payable privately owned ...
lump sum taxes
... window tax in 17° century Britain induced the construction of windowless houses!!). ...
... window tax in 17° century Britain induced the construction of windowless houses!!). ...
Основные налоги для товаропроизводителей
... • 0% – export (p. 1 art. 164 TC RF) • 10% – in accordance with lists, determined by pp. 1-4 p. 2 art. 164 for food products, children's products, periodical publications and ...
... • 0% – export (p. 1 art. 164 TC RF) • 10% – in accordance with lists, determined by pp. 1-4 p. 2 art. 164 for food products, children's products, periodical publications and ...
deadweight loss
... • As a tax grows larger, it distorts incentives more, and its deadweight loss grows larger. • Tax revenue first rises with the size of a tax. • Eventually, however, a larger tax reduces tax revenue because it reduces the size of the market. ...
... • As a tax grows larger, it distorts incentives more, and its deadweight loss grows larger. • Tax revenue first rises with the size of a tax. • Eventually, however, a larger tax reduces tax revenue because it reduces the size of the market. ...
Fact Sheet #3: How Progressive is Canada`s Tax System?
... fair tax system is a progressive tax system, where people with higher incomes pay a greater share of their income in taxes. Growing evidence demonstrates that “fair is smart, that progressive taxes, where those who benefit most pay the greatest share, make good economic sense.”16 Fairness and equity ...
... fair tax system is a progressive tax system, where people with higher incomes pay a greater share of their income in taxes. Growing evidence demonstrates that “fair is smart, that progressive taxes, where those who benefit most pay the greatest share, make good economic sense.”16 Fairness and equity ...
temporary gas-tax freeze doesn`t address real problem
... leaders opted to freeze the state gas tax for one year. Unfortunately, this is a short-term solution that does not guarantee West Virginians any real savings and leaves them vulnerable to future increases in gasoline prices. The one-year freeze does not necessarily mean that West Virginians will sav ...
... leaders opted to freeze the state gas tax for one year. Unfortunately, this is a short-term solution that does not guarantee West Virginians any real savings and leaves them vulnerable to future increases in gasoline prices. The one-year freeze does not necessarily mean that West Virginians will sav ...
Michel Bouvier (Statement)
... This change from one world to another, being played out against the backdrop of an economic and financial crisis, is at the very heart of the inability to interpret and understand tax decisions, and even sometimes the questioning of their very foundations and ultimately their legitimacy. Effectively ...
... This change from one world to another, being played out against the backdrop of an economic and financial crisis, is at the very heart of the inability to interpret and understand tax decisions, and even sometimes the questioning of their very foundations and ultimately their legitimacy. Effectively ...
ECO 4113 FISCAL ECONOMICS Assoc. Prof. Yeşim Kuştepeli
... Laffer curve shows that,at a zero tax rate,there is no tax revenue. At a 100% tax rate, taxable economic activity is pointless,so there will be no tax base and there will again be no revenue. ...
... Laffer curve shows that,at a zero tax rate,there is no tax revenue. At a 100% tax rate, taxable economic activity is pointless,so there will be no tax base and there will again be no revenue. ...
Bullet Points on Why Retailers Should Support the National Sales Tax
... sales tax and an income tax is not the way they impact consumption, but rather how they impact savings. The income tax double or triple taxes savings, while the sales tax does not tax savings until consumed. The criticism by some that consumers will not have available funds to pay the sales is incor ...
... sales tax and an income tax is not the way they impact consumption, but rather how they impact savings. The income tax double or triple taxes savings, while the sales tax does not tax savings until consumed. The criticism by some that consumers will not have available funds to pay the sales is incor ...
Laffer curve
In economics, the Laffer curve is one possible representation of the relationship between rates of taxation and the hypothetical resulting levels of government revenue. The Laffer curve claims to illustrate the concept of taxable income elasticity—i.e., taxable income will change in response to changes in the rate of taxation. It postulates that no tax revenue will be raised at the extreme tax rates of 0% and 100% and that there must be at least one rate where tax revenue would be a non-zero maximum.The Laffer curve is typically represented as a graph which starts at 0% tax with zero revenue, rises to a maximum rate of revenue at an intermediate rate of taxation, and then falls again to zero revenue at a 100% tax rate. The shape of the curve is uncertain and disputed.One potential result of the Laffer curve is that increasing tax rates beyond a certain point will be counter-productive for raising further tax revenue. A hypothetical Laffer curve for any given economy can only be estimated and such estimates are controversial. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics reports that estimates of revenue-maximizing tax rates have varied widely, with a mid-range of around 70%.Although economist Arthur Laffer does not claim to have invented the Laffer curve concept, it was popularized in the west with policymakers following an afternoon meeting with Ford Administration officials Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld in 1974 in which he reportedly sketched the curve on a napkin to illustrate his argument. The term ""Laffer curve"" was coined by Jude Wanniski, who was also present at the meeting. The basic concept was not new; Laffer himself notes antecedents in the writings of the 14th century Arab Muslim social philosopher Ibn Khaldun.