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Isoqualitative Gauge Curvature at Multiple Scales: A Response to
Isoqualitative Gauge Curvature at Multiple Scales: A Response to

Quantum transport of two-species Dirac fermions in dual-gated three-dimensional topological insulators ARTICLE
Quantum transport of two-species Dirac fermions in dual-gated three-dimensional topological insulators ARTICLE

... elemental charge and : is the Plank’s constant h divided by 2p. The zeroth LL at E0 ¼ 0 is equally shared between electrons and holes, giving rise to the half-integer shift in the quantized Hall conductivity sxy ¼ g(N þ 1/2)e2/h, where g is the number of degenerate species of Dirac fermions (for exa ...
The landscape of Anderson localization in a disordered medium
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... The above expression for the cyclotron frequency is only true for a particle moving through only a magnetic field. However, since the Lorentz force only affects motion in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field (this plane will henceforth be referred to as the radial direction), it is not poss ...
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... qubits, such that any ground state |φ of H can be used to simulate ρ (with error ε) on all quantum circuits of size at most m. In other words, there exists an efficient mapping C→C′ such that for all circuits C of size m, ...
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Instructions for use Title Coulomb staircase and total spin

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... fields. Moreover, since plasma contains free charge carriers, their relative motion can also set internal electric and magnetic fields, which in turn also influence their dynamics. In addition, plasma is subject to other forces typical for gases, such as gravity or pressure gradient. Thus, the plasm ...
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Electronic Structure of Strained GaSb/GaAs Quantum Dot

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Effect of quantum nuclear motion on hydrogen bonding

... to produce this effect. The probability density has been calculated for various phases of water by path integral techniques by Morrone, Lin, and Car, using potential energy functions from electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory [51]. For water, they considered three diff ...
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ppt - University of New Mexico

... On his first Pacific voyage, Captain Cook “loaded the Endeavor with experimental antiscorbutics such as malt wort (a drink), sauerkraut, and ‘portable soup,’ a decoction of ‘vegetables mixed with liver, kidney, heart, and other offal boiled to a pulp.’ Hardened into slabs, it was dissolved into oatm ...
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Thomson first investigated the magnetic deflection
Thomson first investigated the magnetic deflection

Physics Olympiad (NSEP) 2009
Physics Olympiad (NSEP) 2009

< 1 ... 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 ... 661 >

Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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