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Forces, Fields and Dipole
Forces, Fields and Dipole

On the spatial structure of electric fields generated by clouds with
On the spatial structure of electric fields generated by clouds with

6.013 Electromagnetics and Applications, Course Notes
6.013 Electromagnetics and Applications, Course Notes

Title First Name Last
Title First Name Last

... (LFQ) of constrained dynamical systems. Study of canonical structure, constrained dynamics, operator solutions and Hamiltonian, path Integral and BRST quantization of field theories, string theories and D-brane actions using the Dirac's relativistic IF and LF dynamics and construction and quantizati ...
microwave theory - Electrical and Information Technology
microwave theory - Electrical and Information Technology

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LHC

Superconductivity and Charge Order of Confined Fermi Systems
Superconductivity and Charge Order of Confined Fermi Systems

$doc.title

... do all similar exercises entirely on their own, and to complete all homework assignments and class projects. In addition to exercises with TUTORIALS, there are a large number (100) of exercises with HINTS, which provide guidance on the solution, equations, and programming, sometimes with most critic ...
silicon in the quantum limit: quantum computing
silicon in the quantum limit: quantum computing

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Dynamics of exciton dissociation in donor- acceptor polymer heterojunctions

... 0.1–0.5 eV,20, 21 and (iii) separation of charges in the CT state into free charge carriers, a process which has to be assisted by the cell’s internal electric field. A detailed understanding of this multistep process is a key to further enhance the efficiency of organic solar cell.14, 22, 23 In thi ...
From Physics 212, one might get the impression that going... vacuum to electrostatics in a material is equivalent to replacing...
From Physics 212, one might get the impression that going... vacuum to electrostatics in a material is equivalent to replacing...

... potential in the r>R will go as 1/r^3 since the r term will blow up at infinity. This potential is identical to the potential from an ideal dipole with a moment equal to the volume of the sphere times the polarization and provides a great check since the polarization (P_0) is the dipole moment per u ...
Classical properties of quantum scattering
Classical properties of quantum scattering

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Naturalness via scale invariance and non-trivial UV fixed points in a 4d O(N) scalar field model in the large-N limit

... predictive power. We hope this is excusable since despite its great success elsewhere, insisting on perturbative renormalizability in scalar field theory leads to a model that is unnatural, lacking in good UV behavior and most likely trivial. To embark on the formidable task of constructing a non-tr ...
microwave theory - Department of Electrical and Information
microwave theory - Department of Electrical and Information

Nanomagnetism - Institut NÉEL
Nanomagnetism - Institut NÉEL

Driving Saturn`s magnetospheric periodicities from the upper
Driving Saturn`s magnetospheric periodicities from the upper

Microwave Conductivity of Magnetic Field Induced Insulating Phase of Bilayer Hole Systems
Microwave Conductivity of Magnetic Field Induced Insulating Phase of Bilayer Hole Systems

... of highly degenerate Landau levels (LL) at energies En = (n + 1/2)~ωc , where ωc = eB/m∗ . The degeneracy of each LL is (eB/2π~)S, where S is the total area of the 2DS. With density ns , the number of occupied LL, also known as the filling factor, is ν = 2πns ~/eB. The magnetic field also changes th ...
Chapter 5: Magnetic Systems in
Chapter 5: Magnetic Systems in

Coherent Decay of Bose-Einstein Condensates
Coherent Decay of Bose-Einstein Condensates

Elements of the wave-particle duality of light
Elements of the wave-particle duality of light

Polarized curvature radiation in pulsar
Polarized curvature radiation in pulsar

... initial emission direction) along the ray, as shown in Fig. 2. Near the emission region, the refractive index of the O-mode wave n < 1, and the wave is deflected away from the emission direction. When the photon propagates outwards, the refraction effect can be neglected when n  1, and then the O-m ...
Medical diagnostic ultrasound - physical
Medical diagnostic ultrasound - physical

... It is assumed that the piezoelectric, disk-shaped crystal is fixed at the back, as illustrated in Figure 4 (right) and can move freely at the front. Specifically, movement of the surface of the transducer can be described by a velocity vector oriented perpendicular to the surface. In short, the elec ...
Edge-mode superconductivity in a two
Edge-mode superconductivity in a two

Review - Sociedade Brasileira de Química
Review - Sociedade Brasileira de Química

Study of Excitations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Study of Excitations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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