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Gradient, divergence, curl, their integrals, and their role in
Gradient, divergence, curl, their integrals, and their role in

Electric Charge
Electric Charge

Electron transmission through 1D mesoscopic structures
Electron transmission through 1D mesoscopic structures

... email address: [email protected] In the theory of mesoscopic transport, magnetic impurities are well known to play against electron coherence [1,2]. Indeed, unlike the case of static impurities, an electron scattering with a magnetic impurity undergoes a not fixed phase shift due to the int ...
Quantization of Mechanical Motion
Quantization of Mechanical Motion

Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of nature
Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of nature

PPT
PPT

... E sinq = |p x E| • The dipole tends to “align” itself with the field lines. • ICPP: What happens if the field is NOT UNIFORM?? ...
electric field
electric field

Feb. 8 , `1927.
Feb. 8 , `1927.

... ferred embodiment of the invention the tube . Referring to the illustrated embodiment is provided with concentric cylindrical elec of the invention it will be observed that the trodes and a space varying magnetic field bulb or tube 10 contains steel cylinders 12 with its strongest portion adjacent t ...
Lecture 05 Gaus`s Law
Lecture 05 Gaus`s Law

Chapter Test A
Chapter Test A

A/d
A/d

... space. The effect of the charge in increasing or decreasing the potential is determined by whether the point charge, q, is positive or negative. When compared to a zero potential reference value (r=∞), a positive (+4.0X10-8C) point charge raises (or increases) the potential and a negative point char ...
Physics - Electric Fields
Physics - Electric Fields

... volume a thousand times smaller than the solar system. They would all exert tremendously large forces on each other. Because of this we have to treat electric forces between charges way different than how we treat gravitational forces between masses. ...
Exam 1 Solutions
Exam 1 Solutions

Electrokinetic phenomena
Electrokinetic phenomena

... An electrical double layer exists around each particle. The liquid layer surrounding the particle exists as two parts; an inner region (Stern layer) where the ions are strongly bound and an outer (diffuse) region where they are less firmly associated. Within this diffuse layer is a notional boundary ...
Electromagnetic Induction Lab
Electromagnetic Induction Lab

Advancements in Electromagnetic Material Properties
Advancements in Electromagnetic Material Properties

... fundamental constant given by ...
Context Factors and Mental Models – Examples in E&M
Context Factors and Mental Models – Examples in E&M

Satval-Monte-Carlo computer code for windows
Satval-Monte-Carlo computer code for windows

Theoretical 1: Magnetic Monopole
Theoretical 1: Magnetic Monopole

lecture02
lecture02

... • Electric field lines indicate the direction of the force due to the given field on a positive charge, i.e. electric force on a positive charge is tangent to these lines • Number of these lines is proportional to the magnitude of the charge ...
Electrostatics Electric Fields
Electrostatics Electric Fields

... Combinations of Capacitors • The individual potential differences across capacitors connected in parallel are the same and are equal to the potential difference applied across the combination • The total charge on capacitors connected in parallel is the sum of the charges on the individual ...
2.8 Matter in Extremely Intense Laser Pulses
2.8 Matter in Extremely Intense Laser Pulses

... recoil undergone by the electron in the emission of the first photon, the electron is slowed down and it is more effectively deflected by the laser field. As a result, the second photon is emitted in an angular region, which is broader than that of nonlinear single Compton scattering. We have shown ...
Document
Document

Adiabatic Geometric Phases and Response Functions
Adiabatic Geometric Phases and Response Functions

... one-form) is directly related to viscosity. This is due to the fact that the time integral of the relaxation function is identified with viscosity in linear viscoelastic theory. Let us discuss the generality of these results. Relations (9) and (20), the so to say sgn -xd relations, are restricted by ...
Some Aspects of Quantum Mechanics of Particle Motion in
Some Aspects of Quantum Mechanics of Particle Motion in

< 1 ... 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 ... 661 >

Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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