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Prof. Makarova Lecture 1 - pcam
Prof. Makarova Lecture 1 - pcam

... • Curie’s law and the Curie–Weiss law are derived by assuming that  the arguments of the hyperbolic tangent were very small, i.e. at the  limit of low fields/high temperatures.  • The laws are only valid for temperature‐independent moments if  the populations of these levels do not change with tempe ...
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... QSHE in the InAs/GaSb quantum well surprisingly indicates that the quantized plateau of conductance persists up to a 12 T (tesla) in-plane magnetic field, or an 8 T perpendicular magnetic field [11,12]. This observation raises a question on the robustness of QSHE under time reversal symmetry breakin ...
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... the Laplacian surface harmonics. In wave-mechanical practice they are interpreted as angular-momentum eigenfunctions. This interpretation had clearly been carried forward from Bohr’s planetary model, which treated the electron as an orbiting particle. In the wave-mechanical model this interpretation ...
< 1 ... 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 ... 661 >

Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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