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Chapter 16
Chapter 16

The Mechanism of Graviton Exchange between Bodies - VBN
The Mechanism of Graviton Exchange between Bodies - VBN

... universe in a new different way. One of them is Quantum Mechanics which describes elementary particles, atoms and molecules and the other one is General Relativity which has been replaced the Newtonian Gravitational Law by space-time curvature. Quantum gravity is a part of quantum mechanics which is ...
Role of bianisotropy in negative permeability and left
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... simplified relation k x ⫽ ␻ 冑␮ zz ⑀ y y , which neglects bianisotropy—i.e., the magnetoelectric coupling in the SRR—predicts a forbidden band for the NMPM which exactly coincides with the transmission band for the lefthanded material. The use of Eqs. 共15兲–共17兲, however, predicts a mismatch between t ...
Concepts in Mesoscopic Physics
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... impurities with an internal degree of freedom (for example spin), to name just a few. At low temperatures (T < 1 K), often phonons are frozen out (though they might still be emitted) and electron-electron interactions are are the dominant decoherence mechanism (assuming negligible impurity scatterin ...
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... liquid states?  How to identify and characterize spin liquid states in established materials? Patrick A. Lee: All these materials may be described by some kind of projected BCS (or Fermi liquid) state at low temperature. P.A. Lee is perhaps the strongest believer of spin liquid states. He works mos ...
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Bits and Qubits

... Why look at Quantum Computing? • The physical world is quantum • information is physical • classical computation provides only a crude level of abstraction Nature isn’t classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly it’s a wo ...
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Electric field outside a parallel plate capacitor_Project Paper

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Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic Forming Process

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... behavior. That is, we are free to define x̂ , ŷ , and ẑ in this example as being in any three orthogonal directions in space. Because Maxwell’s equations are linear in field strength, superposition applies and any number of plane waves propagating in arbitrary directions with arbitrary polarizatio ...
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... A free electron traveling vertically with speed v enters a uniform horizontal magnetic field B. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? (1) The path of the electron is a vertical ...
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... directional symmetry: it is spherically symmetric and thus all directions are equivalent. When a constant, uniform magnetic field is then applied to the hot gas, this maximal symmetry is broken (or reduced), because the direction B̂ of the magnetic field is now uniquely defined by its presence. Beca ...
Linköping University Post Print Faster-than-Bohm Cross-B Electron Transport in Strongly Pulsed Plasmas
Linköping University Post Print Faster-than-Bohm Cross-B Electron Transport in Strongly Pulsed Plasmas

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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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