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Ground-state cooling of a trapped ion using long
Ground-state cooling of a trapped ion using long

slo mo the rappin retard
slo mo the rappin retard

... zeroth approximation in this parameter, the transport of the wave-field energy is determined by an intensity-transport equation in which interference effects are negle~ted.'-~In this approximation one can calculate the correlation function of the field at any point of space; in particular, the cross ...
A Comparative Study of Hole and Electron Inversion Layer
A Comparative Study of Hole and Electron Inversion Layer

Hendrik Bluhm - Stanford University
Hendrik Bluhm - Stanford University

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Non-diagonal ion pressure in nearly
Non-diagonal ion pressure in nearly

... et al., 1995]. In the last case the pressure tensor is assumed to be axisymmetric with a symmetry axis along the magnetic field. Less attention has been devoted to the off-diagonal components of the ion pressure tensor (in the shock coordinates, where x is along the shock normal, y is the noncoplana ...
RF EMF Strength Meter
RF EMF Strength Meter

Electric Field Behavior for a Finite Contact Angle
Electric Field Behavior for a Finite Contact Angle

Power Losses in Steel Pipe Delivering Very Large Currents
Power Losses in Steel Pipe Delivering Very Large Currents

Gujarat University Ahmedabad B. Sc. (PHYSICS) Semester – V
Gujarat University Ahmedabad B. Sc. (PHYSICS) Semester – V

... Unit – I: Types of Molecular Spectra and Molecular Energy States: Separation of electronic and nuclear motion - The Born Oppenheimer approximation, types of molecular spectra. Pure Rotational Spectra: Salient features of Rotational spectra, Molecular requirement for rotation spectra, experimental ar ...
Geometric phases in quantum systems of pure and mixed state
Geometric phases in quantum systems of pure and mixed state

Separation of Variables and a Spherical Shell with Surface Charge
Separation of Variables and a Spherical Shell with Surface Charge

... unique solution we need to describe any charge inside this region, and also specify the potential on the boundary of the region.1 The charge inside the region has already been described: there is a surface charge density σ(θ) = σ0 cos θ at r = R. What about the boundary of the region? In problems wh ...
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Mathematical Principles of Theoretical Physics

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Superfluid Helium 3: Link between Condensed Matter Physics and

... There are two stable isotopes of the chemical element Helium: Helium 3 and Helium 4, conventionally denoted by 3 He and 4 He, respectively. From a microscopic point of view, Helium atoms are structureless, spherical particles interacting via a two-body potential that is well understood. The attracti ...
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Macroscopic Distinguishability Between Quantum States
Macroscopic Distinguishability Between Quantum States

... In the case of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) [4], which occur at zero temperature and are driven by purely quantum fluctuations, the study of the ground state fidelity has been first conducted on the examples of the Dicke and XY models [5]. Note that in this case, the ground states are pure quant ...
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Simple spin-orbit based devices for electron spin polarization

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Quantum theory of many − particle systems

... In introductory courses, we have been taught classical mechanics and in particular Newton’s second law. There are two other formulations of classical mechanics, which are equivalent to the Newtonian formulation, namely the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. In the Newtonian formulation, the co ...
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The Method of Images

... the Uniqueness Theorem may be stated as followsIf the distribution of charges within a region of space and the potentials at the boundaries to this region are given then there is one and only one solution for the electric potential V ...
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Homework 3

... in Figure P26.56. Assume that d is much smaller than x. (a) Find the equivalent capacitance of the device. (b) Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor, letting ΔV represent the potential difference. (c) Find the direction and magnitude of the force exerted on the dielectric, assuming a constant ...
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Quantum Magnetism

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Electric Fields and Forces

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What is the relationship between electric force and electric field

SEMICLASSICAL AND LARGE QUANTUM NUMBER LIMITS
SEMICLASSICAL AND LARGE QUANTUM NUMBER LIMITS

... Conversely, the anticlassical or extreme quantum limit is reached for the opposite conditions to those listed in (3), e.g. |F | → ∞ or E → 0 for d > 0. For positive degrees d, e.g. all sorts of homogeneous oscillators, the first line of (3) expresses the widely appreciated fact, that the semiclassic ...
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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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