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On the definition of a kinetic equilibrium in global gyrokinetic
On the definition of a kinetic equilibrium in global gyrokinetic

Infrared Spectroscopy of Landau Levels of Graphene
Infrared Spectroscopy of Landau Levels of Graphene

... The transmission of this carrier system is density dependent and therefore does not completely average out in spectral division. However, these artifacts in Fig. 2 can be circumvented, and we find that the minima can be fit well by a Lorentzian, shown by the dashed lines. From these fits, we determi ...
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency: The
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Bose-Einstein Condensation and Free DKP field
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Free DKP field

Geomagnetism Tutorial - Reeve Observatory Home Page
Geomagnetism Tutorial - Reeve Observatory Home Page

... are due to sunlight and are of little interest in the study of geomagnetism. Our interest starts with a time period on the order of milliseconds ( 103 s ). The magnetic field sporadically oscillates with amplitude of a few nanoteslas and frequency in the kilohertz range. The induced electric emissi ...
Measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S1Õ2 level in rubidium
Measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S1Õ2 level in rubidium

Dephasing of electrons in mesoscopic metal wires * F. Pierre, A. B. Gougam,
Dephasing of electrons in mesoscopic metal wires * F. Pierre, A. B. Gougam,

... In the fit procedure, we use the measured sample resistance and length given in Table I. Our experimental setup being designed to measure resistance changes with an higher accuracy than absolute values, ⌬R is known only up to a small additive constant that we adjusted to fit each magnetoresistance c ...
Electrostatic Field Simulations in the Analysis and Design of
Electrostatic Field Simulations in the Analysis and Design of

... where q is the charge of the particles, existing in the volume with outer area S. It is often used to calculate the charges and then – the capacitances of ECT sensors. The integral in Eq. (8) can be solved analytically for regions that have symmetry. In other cases, the integration has to be done nu ...
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Direct silicon-silicon bonding by electromagnetic induction heating

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Fractionally charged impurity states of a fractional quantum Hall system
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... impurity potential and extracted the spectral weights of the resulting bound states. In principle the bound-state spectral weight(s) correspond to the fraction of a bare electron in the bound state, i.e. the fractional charge. In a noninteracting system the spectral weight of a bound state Z b is un ...
Magnetic dynamics of weakly and strongly interacting
Magnetic dynamics of weakly and strongly interacting

... ⬇956 K, the spins lie in the 共111兲 plane and are slightly canted away from antiferromagnetic orientation resulting in a weak ferromagnetic 共WF兲 moment of about 0.4 J T⫺1 kg⫺1 in the 共111兲 plane. Both the Morin transition temperature, the saturation magnetization and other magnetic properties depend ...
Phase transition of Light - Universiteit van Amsterdam
Phase transition of Light - Universiteit van Amsterdam

... In the cavity the lightwave has a standing wave solution, therefore only a single photon mode is allowed. The setup in the cavity enhances the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the atom. When the atom-field interaction becomes significant, strong correlated effects can occur. In this ...
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Quantum-classical correspondence in the hydrogen atom in weak
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Microscopic theory for quantum mirages in quantum corrals D. Porras, J. Ferna´ndez-Rossier,

... A STM was used by Crommie et al. to build a quantum corral, i.e., a 71 Å radius circle made with 48 atoms of iron on top of a surface of copper.3 The free motion of the electrons along the surface changed in the presence of the Fe atoms so that quasibound states appeared inside the corral. The measu ...
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Physics AP B- Scope
Physics AP B- Scope

... particle relative to another, or calculate the average velocity of a particle. e) Add or subtract velocity vectors in order to calculate the velocity change or average acceleration of a particle, or the velocity of one particle relative to another. 2. Students should understand the motion of project ...
Development of high sensitivity materials for applications
Development of high sensitivity materials for applications

... new energy efficient magneto-electronic steering systems. Also, h v e shaft sensors can be used to monitor engine misfire in order to control and minimize unwanted and harmful emissions in exhaust. The Matteucci effect [I] is thus currently of great technological interest because of the potential us ...
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Crystalline phase for one-dimensional ultra

Colloidal synthesis of metal oxide nanocrystals and thin films Fredrik Söderlind
Colloidal synthesis of metal oxide nanocrystals and thin films Fredrik Söderlind

... In this thesis, nanocrystals and thin films of magnetic and ferroelectric metal oxides, e.g. RE2O3 (RE = Y, Gd, Dy), GdFeO3, Gd3Fe5O12, Na0.5K0.5NbO3, have been prepared by colloidal and sol-gel methods. The sizes of the nanocrystals were in the range 3-15 nm and different carboxylic acids, e.g. ole ...
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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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