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What lies beyond? - University of Toronto Physics
What lies beyond? - University of Toronto Physics

... ... a different first principles approach is offered by string theory [1969 - 1984 - 1994 - milestone years] ...
Fysiikan historia
Fysiikan historia

... •  The quark model did not tell much about the strong force that keeps quarks together in hadrons. In particular, why quarks were never observed as free particles. There were also problems with Pauli’s exclusion princible: For example, in omega particle there are three s quarks with their spins para ...
Fundamentals of Particle Physics
Fundamentals of Particle Physics

... bodies we can calculate the mass of the central body. In space we see that the mass calculated is much greater than what we can detect. There is missing matter out there that we cannot detect •  A famous illustration of this is the Bullet ...
Supersymmetry and Lorentz Invariance as Low-Energy
Supersymmetry and Lorentz Invariance as Low-Energy

... presented here, which may be only a starting point. On the other hand, the present model already works quite well in many respects. (2) It would to nice to have a truly fundamental theory -- which explains the origins of Lorentz invariance supersymmetry quantum mechanics ...
Introduction: what is quantum field theory ?
Introduction: what is quantum field theory ?

... so far apart in space and time, be identical in all respects? One explanation that might be offered is that there’s a sea of proton “stuff” filling the universe and when we make a proton we somehow dip our hand into this stuff and from it mould a proton. Then its not surprising that protons produced ...
Walter Eduard Thirring 1927-2014
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... Walter Eduard Thirring quantum field theory, known as the Thirring model. That 1958 work, not Sinitiro Tomonaga’s paper as occasionally alleged, was the source for Joaquin Luttinger’s important model in condensedmatter physics and for ”bosonization.” Walter’s 1955 monograph on quantum electrodynamics ...
Fulltext PDF
Fulltext PDF

... most familiar one among them, the photon (°). All such particles having spin equal to an integral multiple of ~ belong to the great family of `bosons' (particles obeying Bose{Einstein statistics). The particle sector consists of spin 12 particles belonging to the other great family of `fermions' (pa ...
Introduction to Strings
Introduction to Strings

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Quantum Gravity - General overview and recent developments
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Schwennesen Fundamental Particles and the Physics of the
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... through experiments testing the Zeeman effect, in which a magnetic field affects the energy of a photon released when electrons jump from one orbit around the nucleus to another (an aspect of Bohr’s atomic model, in which angular momentum is quantized) [6, p. 31]. After many years of experiments, th ...
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History of Particle Physics

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the obstinate reductionist`s point of view on the laws of physics
the obstinate reductionist`s point of view on the laws of physics

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... This matter, different from atoms, does not emit or absorb light.It has only been detected indirectly by its gravity. 74% of the Universe, is composed of "dark energy", that acts as a sort of an anti-gravity. This energy, distinct from dark matter, is responsible for the present-day acceleration of ...
ПУБЛИКАЦИИ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ ФИЗИКИ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ
ПУБЛИКАЦИИ ЛАБОРАТОРИИ ФИЗИКИ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ

... ground state energy in particle physics to the leading order in graviton-mediated interactions, we argue that the observable cosmological constant can be dynamically induced by an uncompensated quantum gravity correction to them after the QCD phase transition epoch. To start with, we demonstrate a p ...
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PhD position: Quantum information processing with single electron spins
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An Inflationary Model In String Theory

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"Material universe" yields surprising new particle An international
"Material universe" yields surprising new particle An international

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“ Magnetic Monopoles:  from Dirac to D-branes”
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... conjectured that there was an exact weak/strong, electromagnetic duality for the spontaneously broken SO(3) gauge theory. More recently, this conjecture has become credible in the broader context of N=2 or N=4 Super Yang-Mills theories. Despite the lack of experimental evidence for magnetic monopole ...
Atomic Theory and the Atom
Atomic Theory and the Atom

... Dalton’s Theory John Dalton published his atomic theory in 1803. His theory stated that all substances are made of atoms. Atoms are small particles that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different. Atoms join wi ...
Variant 1. 1) There are four different ways in which the various
Variant 1. 1) There are four different ways in which the various

... 1. Why is it so difficult to create new elements? 2. At what distance does nuclear force show itself (work)? 3. What particles are called the hadrons? 4. What has Heraclitus taught about? 5. For what discoveries is Archimedes known (remembered) the most? ...
Particle Physics Timeline - University of Birmingham
Particle Physics Timeline - University of Birmingham

... Any charged or high energy particles will ionise atoms they come into contact with, and we can detect the trails of ions these particles leave behind them, e.g. with a cloud or bubble chamber. ...
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Theory of everything

A theory of everything (ToE) or final theory, ultimate theory, or master theory is a hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe. Finding a ToE is one of the major unsolved problems in physics. Over the past few centuries, two theoretical frameworks have been developed that, as a whole, most closely resemble a ToE. The two theories upon which all modern physics rests are general relativity (GR) and quantum field theory (QFT). GR is a theoretical framework that only focuses on the force of gravity for understanding the universe in regions of both large-scale and high-mass: stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc. On the other hand, QFT is a theoretical framework that only focuses on three non-gravitational forces for understanding the universe in regions of both small scale and low mass: sub-atomic particles, atoms, molecules, etc. QFT successfully implemented the Standard Model and unified the interactions (so-called Grand Unified Theory) between the three non-gravitational forces: weak, strong, and electromagnetic force.Through years of research, physicists have experimentally confirmed with tremendous accuracy virtually every prediction made by these two theories when in their appropriate domains of applicability. In accordance with their findings, scientists also learned that GR and QFT, as they are currently formulated, are mutually incompatible - they cannot both be right. Since the usual domains of applicability of GR and QFT are so different, most situations require that only one of the two theories be used. As it turns out, this incompatibility between GR and QFT is only an apparent issue in regions of extremely small-scale and high-mass, such as those that exist within a black hole or during the beginning stages of the universe (i.e., the moment immediately following the Big Bang). To resolve this conflict, a theoretical framework revealing a deeper underlying reality, unifying gravity with the other three interactions, must be discovered to harmoniously integrate the realms of GR and QFT into a seamless whole: a single theory that, in principle, is capable of describing all phenomena. In pursuit of this goal, quantum gravity has recently become an area of active research.Over the past few decades, a single explanatory framework, called ""string theory"", has emerged that may turn out to be the ultimate theory of the universe. Many physicists believe that, at the beginning of the universe (up to 10−43 seconds after the Big Bang), the four fundamental forces were once a single fundamental force. Unlike most (if not all) other theories, string theory may be on its way to successfully incorporating each of the four fundamental forces into a unified whole. According to string theory, every particle in the universe, at its most microscopic level (Planck length), consists of varying combinations of vibrating strings (or strands) with preferred patterns of vibration. String theory claims that it is through these specific oscillatory patterns of strings that a particle of unique mass and force charge is created (that is to say, the electron is a type of string that vibrates one way, while the up-quark is a type of string vibrating another way, and so forth).Initially, the term theory of everything was used with an ironic connotation to refer to various overgeneralized theories. For example, a grandfather of Ijon Tichy — a character from a cycle of Stanisław Lem's science fiction stories of the 1960s — was known to work on the ""General Theory of Everything"". Physicist John Ellis claims to have introduced the term into the technical literature in an article in Nature in 1986. Over time, the term stuck in popularizations of theoretical physics research.
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