Lithospheric layering in the North American craton
... in the northeastern Superior craton also follows the trends of the geological sutures of the Superior province29. Fossil subductions, revealed as strong mantle reflectors and high-velocity bodies from active and passive seismic studies30–32 are found beneath most of these suture zones and generally ...
... in the northeastern Superior craton also follows the trends of the geological sutures of the Superior province29. Fossil subductions, revealed as strong mantle reflectors and high-velocity bodies from active and passive seismic studies30–32 are found beneath most of these suture zones and generally ...
Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of Iceland from
... pro¢le cannot be calculated directly from the seismic model, since no data are available for subMoho P wave velocities. Instead, a mantle density of 3260 kg m33 is used in the modelling. This value is derived from the estimated average mantle (harzburgite) composition below Iceland at 40 km depth an ...
... pro¢le cannot be calculated directly from the seismic model, since no data are available for subMoho P wave velocities. Instead, a mantle density of 3260 kg m33 is used in the modelling. This value is derived from the estimated average mantle (harzburgite) composition below Iceland at 40 km depth an ...
Three-dimensional seismic anisotropy in the crust and uppermost
... In the Taiwan region, anisotropy has been studied based on shear wave splitting methods and tomography inversions. For example, Rau et al. [2000] performed the splitting analysis of teleseismic S waves and obtained coherent patterns in most stations, indicating an SN orientation for the anisotropy. ...
... In the Taiwan region, anisotropy has been studied based on shear wave splitting methods and tomography inversions. For example, Rau et al. [2000] performed the splitting analysis of teleseismic S waves and obtained coherent patterns in most stations, indicating an SN orientation for the anisotropy. ...
Global earth structure lecture 2 - UC Berkeley Earth and Planetary
... Pyrolite is a synthetic rock invented by Ringwood as a model for experimenting with constitution of the upper an lower mantle. This composition is generally accepted for the uppermost part of the mantle. As we go deeper, differences among various authors increase. In particular, it remains a matter ...
... Pyrolite is a synthetic rock invented by Ringwood as a model for experimenting with constitution of the upper an lower mantle. This composition is generally accepted for the uppermost part of the mantle. As we go deeper, differences among various authors increase. In particular, it remains a matter ...
Modelling of Rayleigh-type seam waves in disturbed coal seams
... main part of the wave is converted into S-waves (RS-S) and radiated into the roof of the neighbouring rock. Right hand side: Seam splitting. Amplitudes of the reflected seam waves are very low, so they are likely to be hidden by noise in measured data. The main part of the wave is again converted in ...
... main part of the wave is converted into S-waves (RS-S) and radiated into the roof of the neighbouring rock. Right hand side: Seam splitting. Amplitudes of the reflected seam waves are very low, so they are likely to be hidden by noise in measured data. The main part of the wave is again converted in ...
- Arizona State University
... 1976; Olsen et al., 1979]. An example of receiver function moveout analysis is shown in Figure 4, and estimates of crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio along the RISTRA network are shown in Figure 5. Crustal thickness estimates range from 43 to 51 km in the Colorado Plateau and 39 to 50 km in the Great ...
... 1976; Olsen et al., 1979]. An example of receiver function moveout analysis is shown in Figure 4, and estimates of crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio along the RISTRA network are shown in Figure 5. Crustal thickness estimates range from 43 to 51 km in the Colorado Plateau and 39 to 50 km in the Great ...
Geology - Geostud
... adjusted from the velocity model used for the ray tracing; the eastward-dipping high-velocity slab, rooted under a zone with a Vp of 7.4 km/s, is added. The RF data require lower velocities in the uppermost crust as well as some local adjustments of Moho depths. A section through 73°N is shown in Fi ...
... adjusted from the velocity model used for the ray tracing; the eastward-dipping high-velocity slab, rooted under a zone with a Vp of 7.4 km/s, is added. The RF data require lower velocities in the uppermost crust as well as some local adjustments of Moho depths. A section through 73°N is shown in Fi ...
Oceanic lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary from - HAL
... This least squares inversion formalism involves a Gaussian a priori covariance matrix that is based on a correlation length that controls the lateral resolution of the 2-D inverted map. The inversion scheme formulation of Debayle and Sambridge [2004] allows the use of massive data sets but does not ...
... This least squares inversion formalism involves a Gaussian a priori covariance matrix that is based on a correlation length that controls the lateral resolution of the 2-D inverted map. The inversion scheme formulation of Debayle and Sambridge [2004] allows the use of massive data sets but does not ...
Earthquakes - Cobb Learning
... Focus: the point beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks ...
... Focus: the point beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks ...
THE PHYSICS OF EARTHQUAKES
... earthquakes is obtaining observational constraints. Most shear stress; shear strain is defined in box 1 (page 36). In earthquakes occur at depths down to 50 km, but some as this article we are concerned with shear forces and their deep as 670 km have been observed in certain regions. effects, so for ...
... earthquakes is obtaining observational constraints. Most shear stress; shear strain is defined in box 1 (page 36). In earthquakes occur at depths down to 50 km, but some as this article we are concerned with shear forces and their deep as 670 km have been observed in certain regions. effects, so for ...
The Moho beneath western Tibet: Shear zones and
... boundaries. Beneath the southern half of the Lhasa block between 31.3°N and 32.5°N (Fig. 5, from IYS to SF), a large amplitude Ps conversion can be seen with a time delay of ~9 s relative to the P phase. For average crustal P velocity of 6.3 km/s and Vp/Vs ratio of 1.74, this arrival originates at a ...
... boundaries. Beneath the southern half of the Lhasa block between 31.3°N and 32.5°N (Fig. 5, from IYS to SF), a large amplitude Ps conversion can be seen with a time delay of ~9 s relative to the P phase. For average crustal P velocity of 6.3 km/s and Vp/Vs ratio of 1.74, this arrival originates at a ...
The Mantle and Creation of the Oceanic Crust The Mantle
... Mantle is heated both from within and below. ...
... Mantle is heated both from within and below. ...
5. Structure of the Outer Izu-Bonin Forearc from Seismic
... several seamounts on the inner trench slope and the depositional pattern of the sediment flanking these features to develop a model for the timing and mode of formation of these seamounts. The Izu-Bonin arc marks an intraoceanic convergent plate boundary where the Pacific Plate is being subducted be ...
... several seamounts on the inner trench slope and the depositional pattern of the sediment flanking these features to develop a model for the timing and mode of formation of these seamounts. The Izu-Bonin arc marks an intraoceanic convergent plate boundary where the Pacific Plate is being subducted be ...
Morphology of the distorted subducted Pacific slab beneath the
... Gorbatov and Kennett (2003) to include 3D ray tracing. In this method the trajectory of seismic-ray propagation between source and receiver through the three-dimensional structure of the earth is included, which improves the resolution of gradients and strong variations in wave speeds. The joint inv ...
... Gorbatov and Kennett (2003) to include 3D ray tracing. In this method the trajectory of seismic-ray propagation between source and receiver through the three-dimensional structure of the earth is included, which improves the resolution of gradients and strong variations in wave speeds. The joint inv ...
Centrifuge Modelling of Vegetated Slopes under Earthquake Loading
... from seismically induced landslides and other ground failures sometimes exceeds the damage directly caused by the ground shaking and fault rupture and minimizing this damage has been one of the major concern to geotechnical engineers (Kokusho & Ishizawa 2006). Many types of traditional geotechnical ...
... from seismically induced landslides and other ground failures sometimes exceeds the damage directly caused by the ground shaking and fault rupture and minimizing this damage has been one of the major concern to geotechnical engineers (Kokusho & Ishizawa 2006). Many types of traditional geotechnical ...
Closing crack earthquakes within the Krafla caldera, North Iceland
... which allows rigorous inclusion of uncertainties, such as location uncertainty, in the resultant probability density function (PDF) using marginalization (Sivia 1996, section 1.3; Pugh et al. 2016). The inversion approach determines the probability of a given moment tensor producing the observed dat ...
... which allows rigorous inclusion of uncertainties, such as location uncertainty, in the resultant probability density function (PDF) using marginalization (Sivia 1996, section 1.3; Pugh et al. 2016). The inversion approach determines the probability of a given moment tensor producing the observed dat ...