Conditional XPath
... p wff abbreviates “path-wff”. Wff (pronounced as “wif”) is short for well formed formula. We use p wff + as an abbreviation of p wff/p wff ∗ . The meaning of the regular expression operators is as expected. For instance, child∗ is the same as descendant or self, the expression right/right∗ denotes f ...
... p wff abbreviates “path-wff”. Wff (pronounced as “wif”) is short for well formed formula. We use p wff + as an abbreviation of p wff/p wff ∗ . The meaning of the regular expression operators is as expected. For instance, child∗ is the same as descendant or self, the expression right/right∗ denotes f ...
Labeled Natural Deduction for Temporal Logics
... The history of the philosophical and logical reasoning about time goes back at least to ancient Greece, with the works of Aristotle and Diodorus Cronus. However, the birth of modern (symbolic) temporal logic is mainly connected to the name of Prior, who in the late 1950’s developed the so-called ten ...
... The history of the philosophical and logical reasoning about time goes back at least to ancient Greece, with the works of Aristotle and Diodorus Cronus. However, the birth of modern (symbolic) temporal logic is mainly connected to the name of Prior, who in the late 1950’s developed the so-called ten ...
Cardinal Invariants of Analytic P-Ideals
... For functions f , g ∈ ω ω we write f ≤∗ g to mean that there is some m ∈ ω such that f (n) ≤ g(n) for all n ≥ m. The bounding number b is the least cardinal of an ≤∗ -unbounded family of functions in ω ω . The dominating number d is the least cardinal of a ≤∗ -cofinal family of functions in ω ω . Re ...
... For functions f , g ∈ ω ω we write f ≤∗ g to mean that there is some m ∈ ω such that f (n) ≤ g(n) for all n ≥ m. The bounding number b is the least cardinal of an ≤∗ -unbounded family of functions in ω ω . The dominating number d is the least cardinal of a ≤∗ -cofinal family of functions in ω ω . Re ...
The Z/EVES 2.0 User`s Guide - Department of Computer Science
... A paragraph (or group of paragraphs) can be deleted by selecting it (or them), right clicking, and selecting “Delete” from the pop-up menu. There is no “undo” capability in the interface, so once deleted, the paragraph cannot be recovered. If a deleted paragraph had been checked, all following parag ...
... A paragraph (or group of paragraphs) can be deleted by selecting it (or them), right clicking, and selecting “Delete” from the pop-up menu. There is no “undo” capability in the interface, so once deleted, the paragraph cannot be recovered. If a deleted paragraph had been checked, all following parag ...
Theories and uses of context in knowledge representation and
... represent what an agent of a certain kind knows about the world, and to show how this knowledge can be used in a reasoning process to infer new knowledge from that already available. With respect to this goal, many researchers believe that a completely general representation of knowledge is impossib ...
... represent what an agent of a certain kind knows about the world, and to show how this knowledge can be used in a reasoning process to infer new knowledge from that already available. With respect to this goal, many researchers believe that a completely general representation of knowledge is impossib ...
Notes on the ACL2 Logic
... equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive). The symmetry axiom tells us that view computation as moving forward in time or backward. It just doesn’t make a difference. As an aside, it turns out that in physics, that we can’t reverse time and so this symmetry we have with computation ...
... equivalence relation (reflexive, symmetric, and transitive). The symmetry axiom tells us that view computation as moving forward in time or backward. It just doesn’t make a difference. As an aside, it turns out that in physics, that we can’t reverse time and so this symmetry we have with computation ...
doc
... (a) Explain what it means to say that a sentence in the predicate calculus is semantically true. Also state what it means for a sequent to be semantically valid in predicate logic. A sentence in the predicate calculus is semantically true iff the sentence is true in very interpretation of the predic ...
... (a) Explain what it means to say that a sentence in the predicate calculus is semantically true. Also state what it means for a sequent to be semantically valid in predicate logic. A sentence in the predicate calculus is semantically true iff the sentence is true in very interpretation of the predic ...
Full Text - Institute for Logic, Language and Computation
... serious analysis of the conditional. Their work contains at the same time philosophy, but more importantly, rigorous syntax and semantics considerations which end up in completeness and decidability proofs for the systems that they present. But for each of these systems, counterexamples were present ...
... serious analysis of the conditional. Their work contains at the same time philosophy, but more importantly, rigorous syntax and semantics considerations which end up in completeness and decidability proofs for the systems that they present. But for each of these systems, counterexamples were present ...
PhD Thesis First-Order Logic Investigation of Relativity Theory with
... method, but we can discover new, interesting and physically relevant theories. That happened in the case of the axiom of parallels in Euclid’s geometry; and this kind of investigation led to the discovery of hyperbolic geometry. Our FOL theory of accelerated observers (AccRel), which nicely fills th ...
... method, but we can discover new, interesting and physically relevant theories. That happened in the case of the axiom of parallels in Euclid’s geometry; and this kind of investigation led to the discovery of hyperbolic geometry. Our FOL theory of accelerated observers (AccRel), which nicely fills th ...
Making Abstract Domains Condensing
... program for a fixed query with a given initial description. On the other hand, a goal-independent analyzer computes information on a program P for all the possible initial queries for P , and then this whole abstract semantics allows to derive the information of the analysis for a particular query. ...
... program for a fixed query with a given initial description. On the other hand, a goal-independent analyzer computes information on a program P for all the possible initial queries for P , and then this whole abstract semantics allows to derive the information of the analysis for a particular query. ...
Ribbon Proofs - A Proof System for the Logic of Bunched Implications
... use in practice, and they rarely resemble in any way the common informal methods of proof. An alternative approach which reduces the emphasis on large sets of known theorems to use as axioms is to instead focus on the connectives of the logic. For each connective # we consider the two questions ‘Wha ...
... use in practice, and they rarely resemble in any way the common informal methods of proof. An alternative approach which reduces the emphasis on large sets of known theorems to use as axioms is to instead focus on the connectives of the logic. For each connective # we consider the two questions ‘Wha ...
logic for the mathematical
... of choice could of course be important if and when you move on and wish to use this material to study foundations. The second historically important motivation for logic was the dream of finding some universal, automatic (perhaps ‘machine-like’) method of logical reasoning. This goes much further ba ...
... of choice could of course be important if and when you move on and wish to use this material to study foundations. The second historically important motivation for logic was the dream of finding some universal, automatic (perhaps ‘machine-like’) method of logical reasoning. This goes much further ba ...
How to Write a 21st Century Proof
... TLA+ is a formal language designed for specifying and reasoning about algorithms and computer systems [3]. It includes a standard formalization of ordinary mathematics based on first-order logic and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. TLA+ contains constructs for writing proofs that formalize the style of ...
... TLA+ is a formal language designed for specifying and reasoning about algorithms and computer systems [3]. It includes a standard formalization of ordinary mathematics based on first-order logic and Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. TLA+ contains constructs for writing proofs that formalize the style of ...
Per Lindström FIRST
... Having defined a logic, one is naturally interested in its expressive power, i.e., what can and what cannot be “said” or “defined”, and how, in that logic. A class K of models is an elementary class – L1 is sometimes called “elementary logic”– if K is the class of models of some first-order sentence ...
... Having defined a logic, one is naturally interested in its expressive power, i.e., what can and what cannot be “said” or “defined”, and how, in that logic. A class K of models is an elementary class – L1 is sometimes called “elementary logic”– if K is the class of models of some first-order sentence ...
On the Complexity of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: A Maximal
... of RCC-8 relations will be carried out . All of them use a reduction of a propositional satisfiability problem to RSAT(S) by constructing a set of spatial formulas O for every instance Z of the propositional problem. such that O is consistent iff Z is a positive instance . These satisfiability probl ...
... of RCC-8 relations will be carried out . All of them use a reduction of a propositional satisfiability problem to RSAT(S) by constructing a set of spatial formulas O for every instance Z of the propositional problem. such that O is consistent iff Z is a positive instance . These satisfiability probl ...