notes
... a command c and a postcondition Q the weakest liberal precondition is the weakest assertion P such that {P } c {Q} is a valid triple. Here, “weakest” means that any other valid precondition implies P . That is, P most accurately describes input states for which c either does not terminate or ends up ...
... a command c and a postcondition Q the weakest liberal precondition is the weakest assertion P such that {P } c {Q} is a valid triple. Here, “weakest” means that any other valid precondition implies P . That is, P most accurately describes input states for which c either does not terminate or ends up ...
Propositional Logic and Methods of Inference
... from two other clauses called parent clauses By continuing the process of resolution, eventually a contradiction will be obtained or the process is terminated because no progress is ...
... from two other clauses called parent clauses By continuing the process of resolution, eventually a contradiction will be obtained or the process is terminated because no progress is ...
Sets, Logic, Computation
... completeness theorem says. In addition to this paradoxical— and certainly philosophically intriguing—aspect, the completeness theorem also has two important applications which allow us to prove further results about the existence of structures which make given sentences true. These are the compactne ...
... completeness theorem says. In addition to this paradoxical— and certainly philosophically intriguing—aspect, the completeness theorem also has two important applications which allow us to prove further results about the existence of structures which make given sentences true. These are the compactne ...
Hilbert`s Program Then and Now - Philsci
... In about 1920, Hilbert came to reject Russell’s logicist solution to the consistency problem for arithmetic, mainly for the reason that the axiom of reducibility cannot be accepted as a purely logical axiom. In lectures from the Summer term 1920, he concluded that “the aim of reducing set theory, an ...
... In about 1920, Hilbert came to reject Russell’s logicist solution to the consistency problem for arithmetic, mainly for the reason that the axiom of reducibility cannot be accepted as a purely logical axiom. In lectures from the Summer term 1920, he concluded that “the aim of reducing set theory, an ...
MATH 312H–FOUNDATIONS
... Example. A barman has four customers. He knows that the first one is under 18, the second one over 18, the third is having a beverage and the fourth an alcoholic drink. Which two questions he needs to ask to make sure that the law is not violated? The answer is obvious. Now the barman has four cards ...
... Example. A barman has four customers. He knows that the first one is under 18, the second one over 18, the third is having a beverage and the fourth an alcoholic drink. Which two questions he needs to ask to make sure that the law is not violated? The answer is obvious. Now the barman has four cards ...
On the Notion of Coherence in Fuzzy Answer Set Semantics
... as least fixpoint of a logic program, it has been due to an excess of information in the program (possibly erroneous information). As a result, rejecting noncoherent interpretations seems convenient as well. An important remark is that coherence can be interpreted with an empirical sense and that th ...
... as least fixpoint of a logic program, it has been due to an excess of information in the program (possibly erroneous information). As a result, rejecting noncoherent interpretations seems convenient as well. An important remark is that coherence can be interpreted with an empirical sense and that th ...
Partition of a Set which Contains an Infinite Arithmetic (Respectively
... contains an infinite number of triplets such that each triplet is an arithmetic (respectively geometric) progression. Introduction. First, in this article we build sets which have the following property: for any partition in two subsets, at least one of these subsets contains at least three elements ...
... contains an infinite number of triplets such that each triplet is an arithmetic (respectively geometric) progression. Introduction. First, in this article we build sets which have the following property: for any partition in two subsets, at least one of these subsets contains at least three elements ...
Propositional Logic - Department of Computer Science
... 1. Let P be the input formula; 2. Using truth tables, compute the value I(P ) for all interpretations I; 3. if an I is found such that I(P ) = 1, then output “P is satisfiable”; 4. If no such I is found, output “P is not satisfiable”. If P is not satisfiable, then this algorithms requires the comput ...
... 1. Let P be the input formula; 2. Using truth tables, compute the value I(P ) for all interpretations I; 3. if an I is found such that I(P ) = 1, then output “P is satisfiable”; 4. If no such I is found, output “P is not satisfiable”. If P is not satisfiable, then this algorithms requires the comput ...
Formal Foundations of Computer Security
... Event Structures There are statements we cannot make about an asynchronous message passing system. For example, there is no global clock that can assign an absolute time t to every event of the system. It is not possible to know the exact time it takes from sending a message to its being read. We d ...
... Event Structures There are statements we cannot make about an asynchronous message passing system. For example, there is no global clock that can assign an absolute time t to every event of the system. It is not possible to know the exact time it takes from sending a message to its being read. We d ...
F - Teaching-WIKI
... • Logic is used to formalize deduction • Deduction = derivation of true statements (called conclusions) from statements that are assumed to be true (called premises) • Natural language is not precise, so the careless use of logic can lead to claims that false statements are true, or to claims that a ...
... • Logic is used to formalize deduction • Deduction = derivation of true statements (called conclusions) from statements that are assumed to be true (called premises) • Natural language is not precise, so the careless use of logic can lead to claims that false statements are true, or to claims that a ...
Default reasoning using classical logic
... Some of the decision problems we discuss here have been proven to be NPcomplete or co-NP-complete for some subsets of all propositional default theories[KS91, Sti90]. This means, almost by de nition, that there actually exists a polynomial translation from these subsets to propositional theories suc ...
... Some of the decision problems we discuss here have been proven to be NPcomplete or co-NP-complete for some subsets of all propositional default theories[KS91, Sti90]. This means, almost by de nition, that there actually exists a polynomial translation from these subsets to propositional theories suc ...
P,Q
... logical inference. Mathematical proofs can themselves be represented formally as discrete structures. Review both correct & fallacious inference rules, & several proof methods. ...
... logical inference. Mathematical proofs can themselves be represented formally as discrete structures. Review both correct & fallacious inference rules, & several proof methods. ...
