Cardiovascular end-organ damage in response to increased blood
... Figure 33. Representative histology images of the thoracic aorta .....................................73 Figure 34. Thoracic aorta wall thickness ...........................................................................74 Figure 35. Thoracic aorta wall area ........................................ ...
... Figure 33. Representative histology images of the thoracic aorta .....................................73 Figure 34. Thoracic aorta wall thickness ...........................................................................74 Figure 35. Thoracic aorta wall area ........................................ ...
Valsalva Sinus Aneurysms: Findings at CT and MR Imaging
... annulus, a saccular shape, and normal dimensions of the adjacent aortic root and ascending aorta (1). Although angiography is considered the reference standard for confirming the pres- ence of a Valsalva sinus aneurysm, most are initially seen at color Doppler echocardiography. Of 177 individual cas ...
... annulus, a saccular shape, and normal dimensions of the adjacent aortic root and ascending aorta (1). Although angiography is considered the reference standard for confirming the pres- ence of a Valsalva sinus aneurysm, most are initially seen at color Doppler echocardiography. Of 177 individual cas ...
The extents of mitral leaflet opening and closure are - Heart
... correlates with the degree of LV systolic dysfunction.15 The main role of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae is prevention of mitral valve prolapse in systole. Once the systolic LV–LA pressure gradient exceeds the spring-like tension of the leaflets and pushes them towards the mitral ann ...
... correlates with the degree of LV systolic dysfunction.15 The main role of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae is prevention of mitral valve prolapse in systole. Once the systolic LV–LA pressure gradient exceeds the spring-like tension of the leaflets and pushes them towards the mitral ann ...
Editorial Review Abnormalities of the coronary circulation
... associated with a sixfold increase in cardiac mortality and a threefold increase in the risk of cardiac failure [2]. The presence of repolarization changes further increases the risk of cardiac failure [4]. Hypertension, the most frequent cause of left ventricular hypertrophy, is associated with an ...
... associated with a sixfold increase in cardiac mortality and a threefold increase in the risk of cardiac failure [2]. The presence of repolarization changes further increases the risk of cardiac failure [4]. Hypertension, the most frequent cause of left ventricular hypertrophy, is associated with an ...
An Unusual Coronary Trinity: Single Left Coronary Artery with the
... Type II pattern: The single CA arises from the right or left aortic sinus and the contralateral (be it the LCA or RCA, respectively) arises proximally from the single undivided CA and crosses the base of the heart to course in its respective territory. Anomalously arising RCA as a branch of single C ...
... Type II pattern: The single CA arises from the right or left aortic sinus and the contralateral (be it the LCA or RCA, respectively) arises proximally from the single undivided CA and crosses the base of the heart to course in its respective territory. Anomalously arising RCA as a branch of single C ...
acute rheumatic fever: current scenario in india
... isolation without any positive minor criteria. It may have subclinical carditis. In view of this etiological cause of chorea becomes a diagnosis of exclusion Rheumatic chorea was found in 40 (8.85%) of patients, with 8 having bilateral chorea, in our study.22 In one patient, the chorea lasted for on ...
... isolation without any positive minor criteria. It may have subclinical carditis. In view of this etiological cause of chorea becomes a diagnosis of exclusion Rheumatic chorea was found in 40 (8.85%) of patients, with 8 having bilateral chorea, in our study.22 In one patient, the chorea lasted for on ...
Mitral Valve Repair
... using more normal native chordae to replace stretched or broken native chordae.7-9,32 In addition to the technical complexity of these maneuvers, the data indicate an incidence of failure because of elongation of native chordae used in this way. My own experience is of using PTFE suture material for ...
... using more normal native chordae to replace stretched or broken native chordae.7-9,32 In addition to the technical complexity of these maneuvers, the data indicate an incidence of failure because of elongation of native chordae used in this way. My own experience is of using PTFE suture material for ...
ACC/AHA Guideline
... ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Hea ...
... ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Hea ...
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow in Health and Ischemic Heart
... myocardial perfusion can be sustained and is referred to as the lower limit of autoregulation. Below this pressure, flow decreases in a pressure-dependent way, resulting in the onset of myocardial ischemia. Under normal hemodynamic conditions, resting LV-CBF averages 0.7–1.0 ml/min per g of myocardi ...
... myocardial perfusion can be sustained and is referred to as the lower limit of autoregulation. Below this pressure, flow decreases in a pressure-dependent way, resulting in the onset of myocardial ischemia. Under normal hemodynamic conditions, resting LV-CBF averages 0.7–1.0 ml/min per g of myocardi ...
Congenital Anomaly ICD-10-CM/PCS Coding and DRG Implications
... • Congenital conditions identified and coded at birth will generate a newborn DRG • MS-DRGs are determined first by prematurity/full term status and then by the severity and number of anomalies coded – MS-DRGs do not provide a surgical DRG for any procedure performed • APR-DRGs are assigned first by ...
... • Congenital conditions identified and coded at birth will generate a newborn DRG • MS-DRGs are determined first by prematurity/full term status and then by the severity and number of anomalies coded – MS-DRGs do not provide a surgical DRG for any procedure performed • APR-DRGs are assigned first by ...
State of the Art: Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
... of a “pathophysiological triad”. The regurgitant valve is described first by disease aetiology (e.g. fibroelastic deficiency, Barlow’s disease) then by the primary lesion (e.g. chordal rupture, annular dilatation); and finally by the resultant leaflet dysfunction relating to the motion of the leaflet marg ...
... of a “pathophysiological triad”. The regurgitant valve is described first by disease aetiology (e.g. fibroelastic deficiency, Barlow’s disease) then by the primary lesion (e.g. chordal rupture, annular dilatation); and finally by the resultant leaflet dysfunction relating to the motion of the leaflet marg ...
table of contents
... times, the child with mild aortic stenosis does not require immediate treatment. Periodic visits to the cardiologist may provide the information necessary to determine when or if treatment is necessary. If treatment for aortic valve stenosis is required, the cardiologist may first recommend a cathet ...
... times, the child with mild aortic stenosis does not require immediate treatment. Periodic visits to the cardiologist may provide the information necessary to determine when or if treatment is necessary. If treatment for aortic valve stenosis is required, the cardiologist may first recommend a cathet ...
Congenital coronary artery anomalies: a bridge from embryology to
... EPDCs critically contribute to the morphogenesis of the coronary vascular system as they incorporate to the intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of developing coronary blood vessels. However, while the participation of EPDCs in formation of the avian CA endothelium is widely accepted, disagreemen ...
... EPDCs critically contribute to the morphogenesis of the coronary vascular system as they incorporate to the intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of developing coronary blood vessels. However, while the participation of EPDCs in formation of the avian CA endothelium is widely accepted, disagreemen ...
Congenital coronary artery anomalies
... cells forming the CA medial wall (Figure 3). Although this seems to be the case for all animal models so far studied, a careful evaluation of the literature does not fully endorse the idea of the epicardium as the only source of coronary smooth muscle cells.9,17 – 19,26 This is evident when analysin ...
... cells forming the CA medial wall (Figure 3). Although this seems to be the case for all animal models so far studied, a careful evaluation of the literature does not fully endorse the idea of the epicardium as the only source of coronary smooth muscle cells.9,17 – 19,26 This is evident when analysin ...
Coronary anomalies: single centre experience
... A 74-year-old female patient with hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension was admitted to the hospital with acute anterior and lateral infarction of 5-hour duration. The ECG showed severe ST segment elevation in leads V1–V6, ST depression and T-wave inversion in leads II, III, and aVF. Urgent coron ...
... A 74-year-old female patient with hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension was admitted to the hospital with acute anterior and lateral infarction of 5-hour duration. The ECG showed severe ST segment elevation in leads V1–V6, ST depression and T-wave inversion in leads II, III, and aVF. Urgent coron ...
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
... retrograde flow in the heart, which increasingly contributes to the positive feedback loop. Therefore valvular repair should be recommended for patients with mild mitral regurgitation because the condition will become progressively worse with time. (1) However, currently the guidelines recommend sur ...
... retrograde flow in the heart, which increasingly contributes to the positive feedback loop. Therefore valvular repair should be recommended for patients with mild mitral regurgitation because the condition will become progressively worse with time. (1) However, currently the guidelines recommend sur ...
Velocity of Left Ventricular Contraction in Man
... forces during ejection, and MRCS, calculations were made, assuming that the left ventricle behaves as a contracting thin-walled sphere. Ross, Covell, Sonnenblick, and Braunwald (10), assuming the intact left ventricle of the dog to be spherical, have shown that the shape of the basic force-velocity ...
... forces during ejection, and MRCS, calculations were made, assuming that the left ventricle behaves as a contracting thin-walled sphere. Ross, Covell, Sonnenblick, and Braunwald (10), assuming the intact left ventricle of the dog to be spherical, have shown that the shape of the basic force-velocity ...
Systematization and clinical study of `dextroversion, mirror
... which indicate variations of potential of the position of the ventricles, and associated mal'left atrium', the electrodes corresponding to formations. A biplane angiocardiogram is essential for these leads being oriented towards this cavity (Sodi Pallares et al., I959); these investigating the last ...
... which indicate variations of potential of the position of the ventricles, and associated mal'left atrium', the electrodes corresponding to formations. A biplane angiocardiogram is essential for these leads being oriented towards this cavity (Sodi Pallares et al., I959); these investigating the last ...
Coronary Artery Anomalies on CT Angiography
... origin from the pulmonary artery can occur as an isolated finding, though an associated cardiac abnormality, such as ASD, VSD, tetralogy of Fallot, aortic coarctation, double outlet right ventricle, and patent ductus arteriosus, can be seen in 5% of cases.[2,12] In the most common form of this anoma ...
... origin from the pulmonary artery can occur as an isolated finding, though an associated cardiac abnormality, such as ASD, VSD, tetralogy of Fallot, aortic coarctation, double outlet right ventricle, and patent ductus arteriosus, can be seen in 5% of cases.[2,12] In the most common form of this anoma ...
Coronary flow reserve as a physiologic measure of stenosis severity
... physiologic variables. Stenosis flow reserve is derived from length, percent stenosis, absolute diameters and shape by quantitative coronary arteriography using standardized physiologic conditions. To study the relative merits of absolute coronary flow reserve measured by flow meter and stenosis flo ...
... physiologic variables. Stenosis flow reserve is derived from length, percent stenosis, absolute diameters and shape by quantitative coronary arteriography using standardized physiologic conditions. To study the relative merits of absolute coronary flow reserve measured by flow meter and stenosis flo ...
Diminished stroke volume during inspiration
... meters passed through implanted silicone rubber tubes. In five preparations right ventricular transverse diameters (S to R) and ascending aortic blood flow were measured as well. Top right, Model of left ventricular latitudinal plane geometry of the left ventricular double hemiellipsoidal model to w ...
... meters passed through implanted silicone rubber tubes. In five preparations right ventricular transverse diameters (S to R) and ascending aortic blood flow were measured as well. Top right, Model of left ventricular latitudinal plane geometry of the left ventricular double hemiellipsoidal model to w ...
ACCF/ACR/AIUM/ASE/ASN/ICAVL/SCAI/SCCT/SIR/SVM/SVS 2012
... priate use of cardiovascular imaging for selected patient indications. AUC publications reflect an ongoing effort by the ACCF to critically and systematically create, review, and categorize clinical situations where diagnostic tests and procedures are utilized by physicians caring for patients with ...
... priate use of cardiovascular imaging for selected patient indications. AUC publications reflect an ongoing effort by the ACCF to critically and systematically create, review, and categorize clinical situations where diagnostic tests and procedures are utilized by physicians caring for patients with ...
Congenital malformations of the mitral valve
... Isolated cleft of the anterior mitral valve leaflet is a rare but well-known finding, the origin of which is under debate. Indeed, some authors have considered isolated cleft to be a ‘forme fruste’ of AVSD whereas others have supposed it to be a distinct morphological entity. The definition of a mitral ...
... Isolated cleft of the anterior mitral valve leaflet is a rare but well-known finding, the origin of which is under debate. Indeed, some authors have considered isolated cleft to be a ‘forme fruste’ of AVSD whereas others have supposed it to be a distinct morphological entity. The definition of a mitral ...
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.