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The concept of modes in optics and photonics
The concept of modes in optics and photonics

... density functions S(v) the values of LvM and LtM have to be defined. These definitions are based on the Wiener-Khinchin theorem, already introduced in Eq. (4). In the general case, the coherence time is defined by ...
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Geometric Optics
Geometric Optics

... The focal point is considered virtual since sight lines, not light rays, go through it. J.M. Gabrielse ...
Holographic Metalens for Switchable Focusing of Surface Plasmons
Holographic Metalens for Switchable Focusing of Surface Plasmons

... can be defined according to NA = (λSPP/πw) where 2w is the full width at half-maximum of the beam at the focus. The effective NA for the metalens with this definition is calculated to be on average 0.68 for the operating wavelengths. The full width at half-maximum at the focus for all the wavelengths i ...
Geometric Optics  - Mr. Gabrielse's Physics
Geometric Optics - Mr. Gabrielse's Physics

... The focal point is considered virtual since sight lines, not light rays, go through it. J.M. Gabrielse ...
Geometric Optics
Geometric Optics

... The focal point is considered virtual since sight lines, not light rays, go through it. J.M. Gabrielse ...
Wei Zhang, Hainian Han, Yanying Zhao, Qiang Du, Zhiyi Wei. A
Wei Zhang, Hainian Han, Yanying Zhao, Qiang Du, Zhiyi Wei. A

... crystal. The reflected portion with main part of fundamental beam (600nm-1000nm) is focused on the second crystal to generate an independent fceo signal for the out-of-loop phase error measurement (discussed in detail below). If necessary, the reflected light can also be used to generate the heterod ...
Laboratory 2 Thomas Young and the Wave
Laboratory 2 Thomas Young and the Wave

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Waves, Photons and Medical Physics
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The interference characteristics of light
The interference characteristics of light

... The cat’s eye reflector is well designed, diffraction limited [5] and has little sensitivity to the direction of the incidence light [8], so it is a cooperative target in application. But the cat-eye optical lens is a non-cooperative target whose parameters are unknown. By using the active laser det ...
幻灯片 1 - 长安大学精品课程网站
幻灯片 1 - 长安大学精品课程网站

... the x-axis. From symmetry the two distances from S1 to a and from S2 to a are equal; waves from the two sources thus require equal times to travel to a. Hence waves that leave S1 and S2 in phase arrive at a in phase. The two waves add, and the total amplitude at a is twice the amplitude of each indi ...
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pdf.file

... simulations. The process taking the expected image (think for example of a large metallic sphere) into the images produced by the LIDAR imaging systems is highly nonlinear, and even in the best case scenarios (see for example Figure 1) very different from the standard linear models of blurring and a ...
Topic 12: Spatial Light Modulators and Modern Optical Systems
Topic 12: Spatial Light Modulators and Modern Optical Systems

... Liquid Crystal: LC modulators switched by either thin-film transistors (transmissive displays), or silicon backplanes (reflective devices). Usable in all applications, but rather “slow”. Magneto-Optic: Pixelated crystal of Aluminum Garnet switched by array of magnetic coils using magneto-optic effec ...
Development of a spin-exchange relaxation free magnetometer with
Development of a spin-exchange relaxation free magnetometer with

... The experiment was performed with a glass cell containing K vapour, 600-Torr He buffer gas to reduce the rate that atoms in the cell diffuse towards its wall, and 15-Torr N2 to improve optical pumping by quenching. The cell was placed inside a three-layer set of the cylindrical mu-metal chamber. The ...
Resolution-and throughput-enhanced spectroscopy using high
Resolution-and throughput-enhanced spectroscopy using high

... to redirect portions of the light to their respective spectrometer, thus slicing the light beam into portions with at least one of the spatial dimensions smaller than the received light beam. However, such optical slicers can be large in size and limited in getting high spectral information from all ...
Integrated Optics
Integrated Optics

... • Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be pr ...
Diffractive read-out of optical disks
Diffractive read-out of optical disks

... An extensive literature is available on optical data storage. Because of the multidisciplinary character of optical storage, the subjects range from optics, mechanics, control theory, electronics, signal coding and cryptography to chemistry and solidstate physics. Several books [2]-[9] have appeared ...
Ray Diagrams Powerpoint
Ray Diagrams Powerpoint

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... can bind, thus “recognizing” and “detecting” it 关11兴. The problem is to amplify this highly selective binding. We propose to use the LCLC medium with the dissolved antibody that targets the microbe of interest, say, anthrax. When the microbes are present, the antigen-antibody binding causes their ag ...
Visualization of optical deflection and switching operations by a
Visualization of optical deflection and switching operations by a

... In the past ten years, the growing need for optical switches, laser scanning, and highbandwidth signal processing systems—which require fast modulation, low cost, and low power consumption—has resulted in the construction of many novel high-speed photonic devices. Electro-optical beam deflectors are ...
(III) Laser Detection of Wave Motion in Solids
(III) Laser Detection of Wave Motion in Solids

... the refractive index of the material. The refractive index of a material is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in vacuum divided by that in the material, and is greater than or equal to 1.0. The refractive index of air at atmospheric pressure is very close to 1.0, so we can assume th ...
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The Ultrasound Machine

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Interference3
Interference3

... If plane wave falls on a thin film then the wave reflected from the upper surface interferes with the wave reflected from the lower surface. Thin films are material layers of about 1 µm thickness. For thin-film optics, the thickness of the layers of material must be on the order of the wavelengths ...
3D differential interference contrast microscopy using synthetic
3D differential interference contrast microscopy using synthetic

... to a higher frequency band. Therefore, by synthesizing various illumination angles, we can effectively enlarge the passband and thus the numerical aperture. This results in the enhanced spatial resolution and the reduced depth-offocus. As a consequence, the image can be clearer due to the rejection ...
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Optical coherence tomography



Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution.Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers have been employed), optical coherence tomography has achieved sub- micrometer resolution (with very wide-spectrum sources emitting over a ~100 nm wavelength range).Optical coherence tomography is one of a class of optical tomographic techniques. A relatively recent implementation of optical coherence tomography, frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, provides advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, permitting faster signal acquisition. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in ophthalmology and optometry where it can be used to obtain detailed images from within the retina. Recently it has also begun to be used in interventional cardiology to help diagnose coronary artery disease. It has also shown promise in dermatology to improve the diagnostic process.
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