Introduction to DWDM Technology
... There is a natural tendency to regard the MAN as simply a scaled-down version of the long-haul network. It is true that networks serving the metropolitan area encompass shorter distances than in the long-haul transport networks. Upon closer examination, however, these differences are superficial com ...
... There is a natural tendency to regard the MAN as simply a scaled-down version of the long-haul network. It is true that networks serving the metropolitan area encompass shorter distances than in the long-haul transport networks. Upon closer examination, however, these differences are superficial com ...
light sources for optical fibers
... Therefore, a pulse with a length t representing one bit of information will be lengthened to t + t. This differential time between axial and marginal rays will cause a pulse to smear and thereby limit the number of pulses per second that could be sent through a fiber and distinguished at the far e ...
... Therefore, a pulse with a length t representing one bit of information will be lengthened to t + t. This differential time between axial and marginal rays will cause a pulse to smear and thereby limit the number of pulses per second that could be sent through a fiber and distinguished at the far e ...
The Fresnel Coefficients - The Society of Vacuum Coaters
... unemployment attempting to understand the nature of diffraction. It was not easy. Fresnel had no equipment nor much means to construct it. With wire and cardboard and the help of the local locksmith, he managed to create an apparatus that, with the sun as light source filtered through a special red ...
... unemployment attempting to understand the nature of diffraction. It was not easy. Fresnel had no equipment nor much means to construct it. With wire and cardboard and the help of the local locksmith, he managed to create an apparatus that, with the sun as light source filtered through a special red ...
Surplus Shed
... sophisticated light switch. It contains a rectangular array of up to 1.3 million hinge-mounted microscopic mirrors; each of these micromirrors measures less than one-fifth the width of a human hair.White light generated by the bulb passes through a color wheel as it travels to the surface of the DMD ...
... sophisticated light switch. It contains a rectangular array of up to 1.3 million hinge-mounted microscopic mirrors; each of these micromirrors measures less than one-fifth the width of a human hair.White light generated by the bulb passes through a color wheel as it travels to the surface of the DMD ...
Autofluorescence from the Outer Retina and Subretinal Space
... study of the disorder. Investigational tools such as fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography have provided some insight into the hemodynamics and fluid dynamics. OCT has provided additional clues about the size and elevation of detachments [30], the development of retinal atrophy, and the corr ...
... study of the disorder. Investigational tools such as fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography have provided some insight into the hemodynamics and fluid dynamics. OCT has provided additional clues about the size and elevation of detachments [30], the development of retinal atrophy, and the corr ...
PHOTON STATISTICS IN SCINTILLATION CRYSTALS
... of signals from two PMTs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simulated scatter plots of photopeak events for Poisson light (FN = 1). The outputs of the two detectors are uncorrelated. . . . . . . . . . Simulated scatter plots of photopeak events for sub-Poisson light (FN < 1). The outpu ...
... of signals from two PMTs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simulated scatter plots of photopeak events for Poisson light (FN = 1). The outputs of the two detectors are uncorrelated. . . . . . . . . . Simulated scatter plots of photopeak events for sub-Poisson light (FN < 1). The outpu ...
The Optical Cavity
... time. Remember that resonant coupling will only occur when at least one of the frequency components of the laser light matches at least one of the mode frequencies of the external cavity (which are changing in time due to mirror vibrations, etc.). Since resonant coupling of light into an external ca ...
... time. Remember that resonant coupling will only occur when at least one of the frequency components of the laser light matches at least one of the mode frequencies of the external cavity (which are changing in time due to mirror vibrations, etc.). Since resonant coupling of light into an external ca ...
Statistics of the received power for free space optical channels
... BER. For the 10 km link, due to the non-reciprocal nature of the propagation path the optimal beam to transmit is unknown. These results show that a low-order level of complexity in the AO provides a better estimate for the optimal beam to transmit than a higher order for non-reciprocal paths. For t ...
... BER. For the 10 km link, due to the non-reciprocal nature of the propagation path the optimal beam to transmit is unknown. These results show that a low-order level of complexity in the AO provides a better estimate for the optimal beam to transmit than a higher order for non-reciprocal paths. For t ...
TECHNICAL GUIDE
... refractive index between the two media, and the angle of incidence of the light at the interface. For most uncoated optical glasses, 4-5% of incident light is reflected at each surface. Consequently, for designs using more than a few components, transmitted light losses can be significant. More impo ...
... refractive index between the two media, and the angle of incidence of the light at the interface. For most uncoated optical glasses, 4-5% of incident light is reflected at each surface. Consequently, for designs using more than a few components, transmitted light losses can be significant. More impo ...
META`16 Malaga - Spain - META`17, the 8th International
... has introduced a new class of materials, metamaterials, whose electromagnetic properties depend on their internal structure rather than their chemical constitution. He discovered that a perfect lens manufactured from negatively refracting material would circumvent AbbeÊijs diffraction limit to spati ...
... has introduced a new class of materials, metamaterials, whose electromagnetic properties depend on their internal structure rather than their chemical constitution. He discovered that a perfect lens manufactured from negatively refracting material would circumvent AbbeÊijs diffraction limit to spati ...
SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION OF CHIRAL-MODIFIED SILVER NANOPARTICLES
... Chiral molecules, which exist under enantiomers with non-mirror-symmetrical structures, have been the subject of intense research for their linear and nonlinear optical activities. Cysteine is such a chiral amino acid found as a building block of proteins throughout human bodies. Second harmonic gen ...
... Chiral molecules, which exist under enantiomers with non-mirror-symmetrical structures, have been the subject of intense research for their linear and nonlinear optical activities. Cysteine is such a chiral amino acid found as a building block of proteins throughout human bodies. Second harmonic gen ...
Meibomian gland imaging: A review
... Meibomian glands may be classified as holocrine glands embedded within the tarsal plate of both the superior and inferior lid margins.1 Individual meibomian glands consist of a central duct that passes through the length of the gland.2 Extending from this central duct are glandular structures termed ...
... Meibomian glands may be classified as holocrine glands embedded within the tarsal plate of both the superior and inferior lid margins.1 Individual meibomian glands consist of a central duct that passes through the length of the gland.2 Extending from this central duct are glandular structures termed ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
... The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) for pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sample is shown in figure (1a). The XRD pattern showed a strong broad diffraction peak located at 2= 20.12o which corresponding to (101) reflection plane of PVA and a more peak at 41.62o indicating the semi-crystalline nature of P ...
... The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) for pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sample is shown in figure (1a). The XRD pattern showed a strong broad diffraction peak located at 2= 20.12o which corresponding to (101) reflection plane of PVA and a more peak at 41.62o indicating the semi-crystalline nature of P ...
PDF Edition - Review of Optometry
... with Retina, Glaucoma and now Cornea-Anterior Segment scanning option. The system includes a Normative Database for both Glaucoma and Retina, Symmetry and Progression reports, and the exclusive “Deviation from Normal” and “Significance of Normal” analysis developed by USC Doheny for “at a glance” an ...
... with Retina, Glaucoma and now Cornea-Anterior Segment scanning option. The system includes a Normative Database for both Glaucoma and Retina, Symmetry and Progression reports, and the exclusive “Deviation from Normal” and “Significance of Normal” analysis developed by USC Doheny for “at a glance” an ...
RESONATOR OPTICS
... An optical resonator, the optical counterpart of an electronic resonant circuit, confines and stores light at certain resonance frequencies. It may be viewed as an optical transmission system incorporating feedback; light circulates or is repeatedly reflected within the system, without escaping. Th ...
... An optical resonator, the optical counterpart of an electronic resonant circuit, confines and stores light at certain resonance frequencies. It may be viewed as an optical transmission system incorporating feedback; light circulates or is repeatedly reflected within the system, without escaping. Th ...
Diffraction Limited Astronomical Imaging Through the Atmosphere
... When these exposures are shifted and added together, field stars in the resulting images have Strehl ratios as high as 0.26 and full width at half maximum flux (FWHM) as small as 90 milliarcseconds. Within the selected exposures the isoplanatic patch is found to be up to 60 arcseconds in diameter at ...
... When these exposures are shifted and added together, field stars in the resulting images have Strehl ratios as high as 0.26 and full width at half maximum flux (FWHM) as small as 90 milliarcseconds. Within the selected exposures the isoplanatic patch is found to be up to 60 arcseconds in diameter at ...
Optical fluctuations on the transmission and reflection of mesoscopic
... experimental set-up is described, and the precautions taken to ensure that the measured fluctuations result from interference effects inside the disordered sample only are discussed. We present measurements of the short-range correlation, and deduce the diffusion constant of the light from them. It is ...
... experimental set-up is described, and the precautions taken to ensure that the measured fluctuations result from interference effects inside the disordered sample only are discussed. We present measurements of the short-range correlation, and deduce the diffusion constant of the light from them. It is ...
Design and Analysis of Integrated Optical Waveguide Structures and
... This thesis describes the design, fabrication and analysis of high-refractive-index-contrast (∆n) photonic structures. Besides silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip waveguides, lateral tapers, bended waveguides, two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) the focus lies on monolithically integrated waveguide b ...
... This thesis describes the design, fabrication and analysis of high-refractive-index-contrast (∆n) photonic structures. Besides silicon nitride (Si3N4) strip waveguides, lateral tapers, bended waveguides, two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) the focus lies on monolithically integrated waveguide b ...
Design and use of guided mode resonance filters for
... grating grooves, the diffracted spectrum exhibited rapid intensity increases of a factor of ten in a wavelength interval “not greater than the distance between the sodium lines” [2]. These anomalous effects became known as Wood’s anomalies, as they could not be explained by ordinary theory of diffra ...
... grating grooves, the diffracted spectrum exhibited rapid intensity increases of a factor of ten in a wavelength interval “not greater than the distance between the sodium lines” [2]. These anomalous effects became known as Wood’s anomalies, as they could not be explained by ordinary theory of diffra ...
Raman Spectroscopy on Semiconductor Nanowires
... Pinczuk et al., 1979). Raman spectroscopy can be experimentally performed at the nanoscale by using a confocal microscope or even a tip enhanced scanning microscope. It is possible to obtain lateral submicron resolutions of the properties of a material (Hartschuh et al., 2003). Nowadays Raman spectr ...
... Pinczuk et al., 1979). Raman spectroscopy can be experimentally performed at the nanoscale by using a confocal microscope or even a tip enhanced scanning microscope. It is possible to obtain lateral submicron resolutions of the properties of a material (Hartschuh et al., 2003). Nowadays Raman spectr ...
Optical Pumping
... pumping of sodium vapor in a large (12-cm diameter) quartz cell shortly thereafter. It was apparent that nearly every collision of a sodium atom with the wall destroyed the polarization of the atom. The problem of wall relaxation of optically pumped alkali atoms was overcome in two ways. Brossel et' ...
... pumping of sodium vapor in a large (12-cm diameter) quartz cell shortly thereafter. It was apparent that nearly every collision of a sodium atom with the wall destroyed the polarization of the atom. The problem of wall relaxation of optically pumped alkali atoms was overcome in two ways. Brossel et' ...
Session 440 Corneal biomechanics
... CXL treatment platforms. The riboflavin formulation adds another dimension of complexity for corneal thinning, and exploratory approaches have been undertaken to reduce the standard dextran concentration or replace it with other polymers. In this study with ex-vivo bovine eyes, we monitored corneal ...
... CXL treatment platforms. The riboflavin formulation adds another dimension of complexity for corneal thinning, and exploratory approaches have been undertaken to reduce the standard dextran concentration or replace it with other polymers. In this study with ex-vivo bovine eyes, we monitored corneal ...
Clinical Diagnosis in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
... as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, which are important risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (RVO), including branch RVO (BRVO) and central RVO (CRVO) (Figure 1a and 1b) [1]. BRVO and CRVO affect an estimated 180,000 eyes per year in the United States, making RVO the second most common ...
... as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, which are important risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (RVO), including branch RVO (BRVO) and central RVO (CRVO) (Figure 1a and 1b) [1]. BRVO and CRVO affect an estimated 180,000 eyes per year in the United States, making RVO the second most common ...
Design, near-field characterization, and modeling of 45° surface
... has been characterized in the near-field by means of photon scanning tunneling microscopy 共PSTM兲,23 a near-field microscopy mode very well suited for the imaging of SPP since it collects surface-bounded evanescent fields.24 In addition, the study of the performance of the SPP mirrors in the near fie ...
... has been characterized in the near-field by means of photon scanning tunneling microscopy 共PSTM兲,23 a near-field microscopy mode very well suited for the imaging of SPP since it collects surface-bounded evanescent fields.24 In addition, the study of the performance of the SPP mirrors in the near fie ...
Optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution.Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers have been employed), optical coherence tomography has achieved sub- micrometer resolution (with very wide-spectrum sources emitting over a ~100 nm wavelength range).Optical coherence tomography is one of a class of optical tomographic techniques. A relatively recent implementation of optical coherence tomography, frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, provides advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, permitting faster signal acquisition. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in ophthalmology and optometry where it can be used to obtain detailed images from within the retina. Recently it has also begun to be used in interventional cardiology to help diagnose coronary artery disease. It has also shown promise in dermatology to improve the diagnostic process.