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1 Dark Matter as a consequence of electric charge non
1 Dark Matter as a consequence of electric charge non

... is responsible for about 85% of the total mass density of the Universe, the mechanism of its creation, its constituents and the reason for its main property, its darkness, are unknown. At present the most popular attempts of explanations of DM are based on the assumption that its constituents are we ...
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quantum field theory, effective potentials and determinants of elliptic

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Greek Alphabet Fundamental constants: Useful conversions:

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Chapter 3 – Atomic Theory
Chapter 3 – Atomic Theory

... An atomizer sprayed a fine mist of oil droplets into a chamber. Some of these tiny droplets fell through a hole in the upper floor. Millikan first let them fall until they reached terminal velocity. Using the microscope, he measured their terminal velocity, and by use of a formula, calculated the ma ...
Proton - Common Sense Science
Proton - Common Sense Science

... protons, neutrons, and the short-lived mesons. Protons and neutrons contain three quarks each, and mesons a quark and an anti-quark….” 3. 1970s Gluons and QCD. By the 1970s, there were more “particles” (tracks and bursts of energy) created in collider experiments. Some of these particles, called bos ...
The Universe`s Acceleration Must Stop If Life Is to Survive Forever
The Universe`s Acceleration Must Stop If Life Is to Survive Forever

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chapter46

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Working Group Talks Gobinda Majumdar Issues In The Construction

... We can here use rapidity to distinguish between the quark and anti-quark, but this is presumably too small to be any use (?) ...
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The Strong Interaction

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Reakcje jądrowe

... The  is equal almost to 1 after reaching energy of a few MeV. Velocity of light is very high and equals about 3x108 m/s in a vacuum. We take the same value in the air. We can increase magnetic field or decrease frequency of potential difference applying to daunts, or both, to avoid increases of the ...
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Static and Dynamical Properties of -Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

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The law of gravity - The Physics of Bruce Harvey

... content. The structure of each acts as a whole tying together the different properties of each of their electric fields. The effects on φ and a and ε10 all relate to the effect on the energy content Eel and this process integrates these effects over the total E = m c2 energy content. Gravitational a ...
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... • What is the exclusion principle? • Two fermions of the same type cannot occupy the same quantum state at the same time. (This principle does not apply to bosons.) • How is the exclusion principle important to our existence? • The exclusion principle explains the different energy levels in atoms, w ...
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Parity and Charge conjugation

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7G Particle Model

... ● testing the prediction by experiment, and collecting data. ● checking the data to see if it matches the prediction. ● using the data as evidence to support the hypothesis (or prove it is wrong). ● forming a theory if the hypotheses have been tested many times and shown, by the evidence, to be corr ...
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7gsummarysheets

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LECTURE 3 PARTICLE INTERACTIONS & FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS PHY492 Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics

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here - TeacherWeb

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Fermi and the Theory of Weak Interactions

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String and the Strong Force Summary/Review

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Example Chapter Outline – Chemistry

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ORMEs - StealthSkater

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ORMEs -- Superconductive but maybe not Monatomic

Fermi and the Theory of Weak Interactions
Fermi and the Theory of Weak Interactions

... operators whose main property is that they can either create or annihilate particles. In this case, A can create or annihilate a photon, thus explaining the emission or absorption of a photon. Further the current JE also is composed of ¯eld operators, but ¯eld operators of the charged particles like ...
Elements & Atoms
Elements & Atoms

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Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. This unified interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in which the fundamental forces are not yet distinct.Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE.The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have energies around the GUT scale—just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale—and so will be well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.As of 2012, all GUT models which aim to be completely realistic are quite complicated, even compared to the Standard Model, because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space. The main reason for this complexity lies in the difficulty of reproducing the observed fermion masses and mixing angles. Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.
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