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Automatic scanning of emulsion films for the OPERA - INFN
Automatic scanning of emulsion films for the OPERA - INFN

Roton Fermi liquid: A metallic phase of two
Roton Fermi liquid: A metallic phase of two

15 - kek
15 - kek

Title of slide - Royal Holloway, University of London
Title of slide - Royal Holloway, University of London

... (above the atmosphere) than expected at high energies. This is well described by models where the neutralino (a particle predicted by supersymmetric theories) constitutes a significant fraction of the Dark Matter of the universe. No claim as yet for the ‘discovery’ of the neutralino but an interesti ...
Bridgeman, Alice - 2008
Bridgeman, Alice - 2008

universo feature
universo feature

Spin and Charge Fluctuations in Strongly Correlated Systems
Spin and Charge Fluctuations in Strongly Correlated Systems

... the spin liquid state observed in experiments can be explained by Z2 spin liquid theory which contains spin- 21 spinon and Z2 vison excitations. We also argue that near the Mott-insulator-to-metal transition there are fractionalized spinless charge excitations, which form exciton bound states near t ...
G485 Definitions etc A2 G485 Term Definition
G485 Definitions etc A2 G485 Term Definition

ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 295
ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 295

... the early life of fish. Instead, it is intended to be a general reference for fish early life  modelling  that  includes  citations  that  will  direct  readers  to  in‐depth  treatments  of  specific topics. In addition, it should be noted that this document does not represent  the consensus recomm ...
Single Particle Tunneling in Strongly Driven Double Well Potentials
Single Particle Tunneling in Strongly Driven Double Well Potentials

... sated at a distance of 120µm from the mirror surface (see fig. 2(c)). The imaginary potential for the preparation of the atoms in one well is implemented by retro reflection of λ = 801.702nm light on the same mirror but under an angle such that at a distance of 120µm the phase shift relative to the ...
Neutrino oscillations, energy-momentum conservation and
Neutrino oscillations, energy-momentum conservation and

Neutrino oscillations II
Neutrino oscillations II

Jet Reconstruction
Jet Reconstruction

Page 12 - at www.arxiv.org.
Page 12 - at www.arxiv.org.

Forces acting on water droplets falling in oil under the influence of
Forces acting on water droplets falling in oil under the influence of

... field E 0 . The field outside a dielectric sphere of permittivity εd corresponds to the electric field of a dipole located at the sphere center. The value of this dipole moment p depends on the sphere size, permittivity and the strength of the electric field. Due to the polarization of the droplet, ...
Paper by Bessell, Castelli and Plez on Model atmospheres
Paper by Bessell, Castelli and Plez on Model atmospheres

... system and the bolometric corrections were adopted. In Appendices A and B we describe how the UBVRIJHKL colors were normalised using observed and computed colors for Vega and Sirius. The bolometric correction BCX is defined as mbol = mX + BCX , where X stands for the particular passband. In Appendic ...
Top Quark Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
Top Quark Physics at the Large Hadron Collider

Topological Kondo effect with Majorana fermions
Topological Kondo effect with Majorana fermions

Magnetic Properties of the One-Band Hubbard Model
Magnetic Properties of the One-Band Hubbard Model

... an accurate method is needed to solve the impurity problem. In particular, this method should be non-perturbative, so that all the different parameter regimes are accessible, and furthermore, it should work in the thermodynamic limit. In addition, it should allow for the investigation of the ground ...
Laser diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and
Laser diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and

... textural triangle and the size fractions have been extensively used for soil classification, neither the former nor the latter provide adequate PSD characterization (Shiozawa and Campbell, 1991; Bittelli et al., 1999). A better characterization of soil texture can be obtained by describing the PSD b ...
Zero Modes in Compact Lattice QED
Zero Modes in Compact Lattice QED

... Tomonaga in Japan. QED deals with processes involving the creation of elementary particles from electromagnetic energy, and with the reverse processes in which a particle and its antiparticle annihilate each other and produce energy. The fundamental equations of QED apply to the emission and absorpt ...
Cosmic Inflation
Cosmic Inflation

... There will be more discussion of these matters in Sections 3.5 and 4. Monopoles: The original Monopole problem occurs because GUTs produce magnetic monopoles at sufficiently high temperatures. In the SBB these monopoles “freeze out” in such high numbers as the Universe cools that they rapidly domina ...
Untitled
Untitled

... features of quantum field theory as the byproduct of the Lorentz, Poincard, and internal symmetry groups. Viewed in this way, many of the rather arbitrary and seemingly contrived conventions of quantum field theory are seen as a consequence of group theory. Group theory, especially in Part III, play ...
Geometric Aspects and Neutral Excitations in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Geometric Aspects and Neutral Excitations in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect

DOC - UF Physics - University of Florida
DOC - UF Physics - University of Florida

< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 89 >

Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. This unified interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in which the fundamental forces are not yet distinct.Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE.The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have energies around the GUT scale—just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale—and so will be well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.As of 2012, all GUT models which aim to be completely realistic are quite complicated, even compared to the Standard Model, because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space. The main reason for this complexity lies in the difficulty of reproducing the observed fermion masses and mixing angles. Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.
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