Ubiquitous relaxation in BTI stressing—new evaluation
... The pivotal assumption of the measurement technique is that at Vmeas, all changes in the recorded FET current are due to ΔVth only. Choosing Vmeas ~ Vth minimizes influences of both subthreshold slope and mobility changes [1]. Other factors potentially influencing the FET current during measurement ...
... The pivotal assumption of the measurement technique is that at Vmeas, all changes in the recorded FET current are due to ΔVth only. Choosing Vmeas ~ Vth minimizes influences of both subthreshold slope and mobility changes [1]. Other factors potentially influencing the FET current during measurement ...
Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Linear Properties
... research and for applications: The ultrashort pulse duration for example allows to freeze the motion of electrons and molecules by making use of so called pump probe techniques that work similar to strobe light techniques. In chemistry complex reaction dynamics have been measured directly in the tim ...
... research and for applications: The ultrashort pulse duration for example allows to freeze the motion of electrons and molecules by making use of so called pump probe techniques that work similar to strobe light techniques. In chemistry complex reaction dynamics have been measured directly in the tim ...
UW LaTeX Thesis Template - UWSpace
... Surface plasmon polaritons are electromagnetic surface waves coupled to electron plasma oscillation of metals at a metal-dielectric interface. At optical frequencies, these modes are of great interest because of their high confinement to a metal-dielectric interface. Due to the field enhancement at th ...
... Surface plasmon polaritons are electromagnetic surface waves coupled to electron plasma oscillation of metals at a metal-dielectric interface. At optical frequencies, these modes are of great interest because of their high confinement to a metal-dielectric interface. Due to the field enhancement at th ...
Final Thesis_Compatible Mode
... connections. Optical communication is one of the newest and most advanced forms of communication by electromagnetic waves. In one sense, it differs from radio and microwave communication only in that the wavelengths employed are shorter (or equivalently, the frequencies employed are higher). However ...
... connections. Optical communication is one of the newest and most advanced forms of communication by electromagnetic waves. In one sense, it differs from radio and microwave communication only in that the wavelengths employed are shorter (or equivalently, the frequencies employed are higher). However ...
Increasing the Resolution of Far
... microscope focuses accelerated electrons rather than light. The de Broglie wavelength of the electrons can be as small as 0.005 nm and is easily controllable by an acceleration voltage of typically 50-100 kV so that the wave nature of the electrons does hardly play a limiting role. Presently, electr ...
... microscope focuses accelerated electrons rather than light. The de Broglie wavelength of the electrons can be as small as 0.005 nm and is easily controllable by an acceleration voltage of typically 50-100 kV so that the wave nature of the electrons does hardly play a limiting role. Presently, electr ...
Novel Metrology Techniques Resolve Strong-Field
... gate which samples the drive waveform. Since the gate duration is on the order of one femtosecond (1 × 10−15 s), frequencies up to petahertz range can potentially be resolved. Comparing the measured current to the drive field, characterized by electro-optic sampling, shows that this measurement can ...
... gate which samples the drive waveform. Since the gate duration is on the order of one femtosecond (1 × 10−15 s), frequencies up to petahertz range can potentially be resolved. Comparing the measured current to the drive field, characterized by electro-optic sampling, shows that this measurement can ...
Paraxial Optics
... lateral magnification equal to b’ = + 1. In practice, it means that a ray incident on the object principal plane at a given height produces a point in the image principal plane at the same height. The principal planes of an optical system can be obtained as it follows (Fig. 6). Let us take a ray par ...
... lateral magnification equal to b’ = + 1. In practice, it means that a ray incident on the object principal plane at a given height produces a point in the image principal plane at the same height. The principal planes of an optical system can be obtained as it follows (Fig. 6). Let us take a ray par ...
to Thin Section Microscopy - Mineralogical Society of America
... is important. The cross-hairs in the ocular, the directions of light polarization and the microscope axis are the main reference directions. The four cardinal points (and intermediate directions derived from those) are commonly used to express and distinguish directions, with no geographical meaning ...
... is important. The cross-hairs in the ocular, the directions of light polarization and the microscope axis are the main reference directions. The four cardinal points (and intermediate directions derived from those) are commonly used to express and distinguish directions, with no geographical meaning ...
Design, near-field characterization, and modeling of 45° surface
... has been characterized in the near-field by means of photon scanning tunneling microscopy 共PSTM兲,23 a near-field microscopy mode very well suited for the imaging of SPP since it collects surface-bounded evanescent fields.24 In addition, the study of the performance of the SPP mirrors in the near fie ...
... has been characterized in the near-field by means of photon scanning tunneling microscopy 共PSTM兲,23 a near-field microscopy mode very well suited for the imaging of SPP since it collects surface-bounded evanescent fields.24 In addition, the study of the performance of the SPP mirrors in the near fie ...
Interferometry
Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic, are superimposed in order to extract information about the waves. Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy (and its applications to chemistry), quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, and velocimetry.Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface irregularities. In analytical science, interferometers are used in continuous wave Fourier transform spectroscopy to analyze light containing features of absorption or emission associated with a substance or mixture. An astronomical interferometer consists of two or more separate telescopes that combine their signals, offering a resolution equivalent to that of a telescope of diameter equal to the largest separation between its individual elements.