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Chapter 7: Ocean circulation
Chapter 7: Ocean circulation

Meyers and Middleton
Meyers and Middleton

Commentary for Nature Climate Change Global Ocean Summit: a
Commentary for Nature Climate Change Global Ocean Summit: a

... believe that the recent Global Ocean Summit, initiated by newly elected member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Prof. Lixin Wu of the Ocean University of China, and held on 25–26 October in Qingdao, provides such a coordinating mechanism, and we call for such a summit to continue. At this inaugu ...
Copenhagen, 2009 changes in ocean`s T, S, oxygen
Copenhagen, 2009 changes in ocean`s T, S, oxygen

Is Ocean Acidification Affecting Shellfish? Recommendations and
Is Ocean Acidification Affecting Shellfish? Recommendations and

... This brochure summarizes the information shared and recommended next steps. ...
Continental Margins 14.2 Ocean Floor Features
Continental Margins 14.2 Ocean Floor Features

... 14.1 The Vast World Ocean Mapping the Ocean Floor  The topography of the ocean floor is as diverse as that of the continents.  Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.  Today’s technology—particularly sonar, satellites, and sub ...
Continental Margins 12.2 Ocean Floor Features
Continental Margins 12.2 Ocean Floor Features

...  The topography of the ocean floor is as diverse as that of the continents.  Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.  Today’s technology—particularly sonar, satellites, and submersibles—allows scientists to study the ocean floo ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth

...  The topography of the ocean floor is as diverse as that of the continents.  Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.  Today’s technology—particularly sonar, satellites, and submersibles—allows scientists to study the ocean floo ...
Earth Sci Ch 14 ppt
Earth Sci Ch 14 ppt

NANOOS
NANOOS

... The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is developing as a “user-driven”, integrated system of observations and data telemetry, data management and communications (DMAC), and data analysis and modeling that routinely, reliably, and continuously provides data and information required to add ...
The Sea Floor - Annenberg Learner
The Sea Floor - Annenberg Learner

... THAT THE SEA FLOOR ORIGINATES AND GROWS OUTWARD ...
Currents Under the Surface
Currents Under the Surface

... map below, the deep currents connect with global surface currents to form a complete path of circulation. This circulation of ocean water is an efficient heat-transport system. Similar to the conveyor belt at a grocery store check-out line, the circulating currents transport warm water to colder are ...
Seafloor Spreading
Seafloor Spreading

Unit 7: The Ocean Floor
Unit 7: The Ocean Floor

... continuous mountain chain from the Arctic Ocean, down through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, around the tip of Africa and into the Indian Ocean. The chain then continues across to the Pacific Ocean and north to North America. In some areas, the highest peaks of the mid-ocean ranges reach above se ...
O & C C I
O & C C I

... Ice Atop Greenland)) have revealed that large lakes do in fact drain ...
Wave powered autonomous surface vessels as components of
Wave powered autonomous surface vessels as components of

... The temporal and spatial scales for data collection in these five key science areas for the proposed Ocean Observing Systems (OOSs) can be met partially by fixed data collection systems, but also require mobile data collection platforms. To date progress has been made using autonomous surface system ...
continental margin
continental margin

...  The topography of the ocean floor is as diverse as that of the continents.  Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.  Today’s technology—particularly sonar, satellites, and submersibles—allows scientists to study the ocean floo ...
Newsle er - IIOE-2
Newsle er - IIOE-2

... rrelative abundance has increased 10 times, or by an order of magnitude, during tthis sampling period. These findings, reported in the November 26th edition of Science, were based on T analysis of nearly a half century of data collected by the long-running Sir Alister a Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sci ...
`Fertilizing` oceans could affect food chain, scientists say
`Fertilizing` oceans could affect food chain, scientists say

... Small-scale studies in recent years have shown that adding iron to small patches of ocean triggers blooms of phytoplankton, single-celled algae that absorb carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as they grow in the sunlit, upper ocean. But those experiments say little about the impact on large ...
Marine Mineral Resources - International Seabed Authority
Marine Mineral Resources - International Seabed Authority

... between Hawaii and Central America, an area that has been allocated by the International Seabed Authority for exploration by several pioneer investors; another prospective area, similarly allocated, lies in the Indian Ocean. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts are the second of the two metallic minera ...
ocean basin floor - Plain Local Schools
ocean basin floor - Plain Local Schools

...  The topography of the ocean floor is as diverse as that of the continents.  Bathymetry is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape or topography of the ocean floor.  Today’s technology—particularly sonar, satellites, and submersibles—allows scientists to study the ocean floo ...
THE OBSERVATORIES INITIATIVE
THE OBSERVATORIES INITIATIVE

... occur at temporal and spatial scales that cannot be effectively sampled or studied using research ships or satellites. Ship-based studies, for example, are very limited in their ability to investigate episodic events or to study dynamic systems that change over time periods longer than a few months. ...
Quaternary paleo-oceanography from the geochemistry of sediment
Quaternary paleo-oceanography from the geochemistry of sediment

... circulation of the oceans as it interfaces with a major confluence of ocean currents. The warm, Agulhas Current flows along the eastern continental margin leaking flow (“rings”) into the South Atlantic as it retroflects back into the southern Indian Ocean. The cold, Benguela Current flows along the ...
Chapter 23 Test Review Notes
Chapter 23 Test Review Notes

Oceans - Delta Education
Oceans - Delta Education

... introduced to the ocean, the enormous body of salt water that covers nearly three-fourths of Earth’s surface. ACTIVITY 1 Students come to understand the great size of the ocean by comparing the ratio of land to water on Earth. Then they identify and compare the relative sizes of the four main oceans ...
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Southern Ocean



The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. As such, it is regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean. This ocean zone is where cold, northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters.By way of his voyages in the 1770s, Captain James Cook proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. Since then, geographers have disagreed on the Southern Ocean's northern boundary or even existence, considering the waters part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans instead. This remains the current official policy of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), since a 2000 revision of its definitions including the Southern Ocean as the waters south of the 60th parallel has not yet been adopted. Others regard the seasonally-fluctuating Antarctic Convergence as the natural boundary.
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