Exposure to natural pathogens reveals costly aphid
... Immune responses are costly, causing trade-offs between defense and other host life history traits. Aphids present a special system to explore the costs associated with immune activation since they are missing several humoral and cellular mechanisms thought important for microbial resistance, and it ...
... Immune responses are costly, causing trade-offs between defense and other host life history traits. Aphids present a special system to explore the costs associated with immune activation since they are missing several humoral and cellular mechanisms thought important for microbial resistance, and it ...
Inflammation: Mechanisms, Costs, and Natural Variation
... ecology (Graham et al. 2011, Hawley & Altizer 2010). In effect, studies have quantified immune function in a vacuum without assessing how these measures relate to disease resistance. Lastly, the importance of inflammation in regulating the outcome of host-pathogen interactions has received minimal att ...
... ecology (Graham et al. 2011, Hawley & Altizer 2010). In effect, studies have quantified immune function in a vacuum without assessing how these measures relate to disease resistance. Lastly, the importance of inflammation in regulating the outcome of host-pathogen interactions has received minimal att ...
Major Histocompatibility Complex Heterozygosity Reduces Fitness
... linked genes. We did not determine the parentage for the pups, but the markers enabled us to determine whether the mother was MHC homozygous or heterozygous. Statistical analyses: We always tested the data for assumptions of normality and equality of variances before conducting parametric tests. The ...
... linked genes. We did not determine the parentage for the pups, but the markers enabled us to determine whether the mother was MHC homozygous or heterozygous. Statistical analyses: We always tested the data for assumptions of normality and equality of variances before conducting parametric tests. The ...
Comparing Natural Parasitism and Resistance
... invertebrates. Oliver and Fisher [25] reviewed the efficacy of immunomarkers in bivalves and determined that the presence of cytotoxic molecules does not reflect disease resistance. Mucklow et al. [22] showed that estimating PO activity is not a reliable measure of parasite resistance in the crustac ...
... invertebrates. Oliver and Fisher [25] reviewed the efficacy of immunomarkers in bivalves and determined that the presence of cytotoxic molecules does not reflect disease resistance. Mucklow et al. [22] showed that estimating PO activity is not a reliable measure of parasite resistance in the crustac ...
Animal Migration and Infectious Disease Risk REVIEW
... monarchs infected with O. elektroscirrha flew shorter distances and with reduced flight speeds, and field studies showed parasite prevalence decreased as monarchs moved southward during their fall migrations (23, 63), consistent with the idea of migratory culling. Parasite prevalence was also highes ...
... monarchs infected with O. elektroscirrha flew shorter distances and with reduced flight speeds, and field studies showed parasite prevalence decreased as monarchs moved southward during their fall migrations (23, 63), consistent with the idea of migratory culling. Parasite prevalence was also highes ...
MUTANT SUNFLOWER LINE R 12003, PRODUCED
... A part of the experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, while others were carried out at the experimental field of Dobroudja Agricultural Institute-General Toshevo. Development of mutant lines The Bulgarian fertility restorer line R 2574, which is highly homozygotic, was used as dono ...
... A part of the experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, while others were carried out at the experimental field of Dobroudja Agricultural Institute-General Toshevo. Development of mutant lines The Bulgarian fertility restorer line R 2574, which is highly homozygotic, was used as dono ...
Adaptive Immunity To Extracellular Bacteria
... Entry of the microbe Invasion and colonization of host tissues Evasion of host immunity Tissue injury or functional impairment ...
... Entry of the microbe Invasion and colonization of host tissues Evasion of host immunity Tissue injury or functional impairment ...
What is a Disease?
... If a pathogen is able to get past the body’s non-specific defences the immune system will start off a series of specific defences that attack the pathogens These are called ...
... If a pathogen is able to get past the body’s non-specific defences the immune system will start off a series of specific defences that attack the pathogens These are called ...
FZ Thesis (Abstract-Supplemental)_Final_one
... DNA genome is approximately 34-43 kb surrounded by a non-enveloped icosahedral protein capsid of approximately 90 nm. The tropism of adenoviruses is determined by their ability to associate with host cell receptors. Most human adenoviruses, including serotype 5, initially bind to the cocksackie aden ...
... DNA genome is approximately 34-43 kb surrounded by a non-enveloped icosahedral protein capsid of approximately 90 nm. The tropism of adenoviruses is determined by their ability to associate with host cell receptors. Most human adenoviruses, including serotype 5, initially bind to the cocksackie aden ...
PDF file: Root and Stem and Crown Rot Oomycetes
... • Representatives in virtually all terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats • Many spp. are saprophytes but significant proportion are pathogens of wide range of plants and animals including humans • DNA studies show they are quite distant from true fungi ‐ more closely related to golden algae ...
... • Representatives in virtually all terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats • Many spp. are saprophytes but significant proportion are pathogens of wide range of plants and animals including humans • DNA studies show they are quite distant from true fungi ‐ more closely related to golden algae ...
Program outline
... The gene repertoire, mechanisms of environmental gene regulation, horizontal gene transfer, and the adaptive potential of infectious agents determine virulence, infection niche, persistence, and spread of infection including the crossing of species barriers. Objectives are to (i) identify relevant g ...
... The gene repertoire, mechanisms of environmental gene regulation, horizontal gene transfer, and the adaptive potential of infectious agents determine virulence, infection niche, persistence, and spread of infection including the crossing of species barriers. Objectives are to (i) identify relevant g ...
Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... the control exerted by a signal originating from C metabolism downstream HXK is specific for NRT2.1 or also regulates other sugar-induced ion transporter genes has not been investigated. Furthermore, the C signal itself along with the signaling pathway involved in the sugar regulation of NRT2.1 expr ...
... the control exerted by a signal originating from C metabolism downstream HXK is specific for NRT2.1 or also regulates other sugar-induced ion transporter genes has not been investigated. Furthermore, the C signal itself along with the signaling pathway involved in the sugar regulation of NRT2.1 expr ...
Disease ecology meets ecological immunology
... work also showed that vitamin D increased human T-cell receptor signalling and the activation of T-cells (von Essen et al. 2010) As with many infectious disease systems, however, the question remains open as to whether the most important drivers of seasonal human influenza epidemics are changes in ho ...
... work also showed that vitamin D increased human T-cell receptor signalling and the activation of T-cells (von Essen et al. 2010) As with many infectious disease systems, however, the question remains open as to whether the most important drivers of seasonal human influenza epidemics are changes in ho ...
Transgenic Plants in Therapeutically Valuable Protein Production
... INTRODUCTION Plants have become an accepted and suitable system for large-scale production of recombinant proteins due to technological developments at many levels, including transfection methods, control of gene expression, protein targeting, the use of different crops as production platforms and m ...
... INTRODUCTION Plants have become an accepted and suitable system for large-scale production of recombinant proteins due to technological developments at many levels, including transfection methods, control of gene expression, protein targeting, the use of different crops as production platforms and m ...
plant disease - Integrated Pest Management
... horseradish crowns and roots. The fungus grows systemically into the crown when a young plant is infected. The organism then spreads down through the primary root and into the secondary or set roots. In the field infection of an entire root is rare due to the destruction of the fungus by secondary, ...
... horseradish crowns and roots. The fungus grows systemically into the crown when a young plant is infected. The organism then spreads down through the primary root and into the secondary or set roots. In the field infection of an entire root is rare due to the destruction of the fungus by secondary, ...
Extracellular Products of Streptococcus pyogenes and Their
... that HSA is certainly responsible for speB upregulation, the same experiment was performed in the presence of HSA. The result showed that the addition of HSA in growth medium, the Luc activity increased significantly compared to the addition of NaCl solution as negative control (Retnoningrum, 1999 u ...
... that HSA is certainly responsible for speB upregulation, the same experiment was performed in the presence of HSA. The result showed that the addition of HSA in growth medium, the Luc activity increased significantly compared to the addition of NaCl solution as negative control (Retnoningrum, 1999 u ...
Strawberry Leaf Spot
... dark purple to reddish in color, and are found on the upper leaf surfaces. The center of the spots becomes tan to gray to almost white over time, while the broad margins remain dark purple. Lesion centers on younger leaves stay light brown, with a definite reddish purple to rusty brown margin. Numer ...
... dark purple to reddish in color, and are found on the upper leaf surfaces. The center of the spots becomes tan to gray to almost white over time, while the broad margins remain dark purple. Lesion centers on younger leaves stay light brown, with a definite reddish purple to rusty brown margin. Numer ...
"Evolution of the Human Immune System".
... Autophagy removes old organelles and proteins by isolation and digestion of a part of the cell. It also controls bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. Autophagy is triggered by aggregates of PRRs with pathogens. Reactive oxygen species are used to kill pathogens in some cells. Ubiquitination is ...
... Autophagy removes old organelles and proteins by isolation and digestion of a part of the cell. It also controls bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. Autophagy is triggered by aggregates of PRRs with pathogens. Reactive oxygen species are used to kill pathogens in some cells. Ubiquitination is ...
Pest significance
... tissues of overwintered twigs. The teleomorph has not been reported. D. destructiva was initially confused with the anamorph of Glomerella cingulata, already well known on this host. Various other fungi cause leaf spots of Cornus (Elsinoë corni, species of Septoria, Ascochyta cornicola, Botryotinia ...
... tissues of overwintered twigs. The teleomorph has not been reported. D. destructiva was initially confused with the anamorph of Glomerella cingulata, already well known on this host. Various other fungi cause leaf spots of Cornus (Elsinoë corni, species of Septoria, Ascochyta cornicola, Botryotinia ...
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Roland W. Herzog HERZOG
... immune tolerance protocols for coagulation factors and other therapeutic protein used in treatment of genetic disease, and to understand the role of immune regulation in tolerance induction. We are engaged in development of oral tolerance protocols for hemophilia, drug-based immune tolerance protoco ...
... immune tolerance protocols for coagulation factors and other therapeutic protein used in treatment of genetic disease, and to understand the role of immune regulation in tolerance induction. We are engaged in development of oral tolerance protocols for hemophilia, drug-based immune tolerance protoco ...
Resistant weed
... • Q4: How about dinitroanilines from seedling growth inhibitors? They are not metabolized by plants. • A4: Difference in absorption of dinitroaniline herbicides between tolerance crops and susceptible weeds. And of course, herbicide placement plays an important part too… ...
... • Q4: How about dinitroanilines from seedling growth inhibitors? They are not metabolized by plants. • A4: Difference in absorption of dinitroaniline herbicides between tolerance crops and susceptible weeds. And of course, herbicide placement plays an important part too… ...
An Interpretative Introduction to the Immune System
... Macrophages are “scavenger” cells found in tissues throughout the body. They play a crucial role in all stages of immune response. In the early stages they have several different functions. For example, they have receptors for certain kinds of bacteria, and for complement, thus they engulf those bac ...
... Macrophages are “scavenger” cells found in tissues throughout the body. They play a crucial role in all stages of immune response. In the early stages they have several different functions. For example, they have receptors for certain kinds of bacteria, and for complement, thus they engulf those bac ...
GENETICS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HUMAN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
... particularly in Africa and Asia. They were among the earliest genetic diseases to be characterized molecularly, owing to their visible clinical and laboratory phenotypes. Early observational studies noted the similarity in geographical distribution of haemoglobinopathies and P. falciparum infection ...
... particularly in Africa and Asia. They were among the earliest genetic diseases to be characterized molecularly, owing to their visible clinical and laboratory phenotypes. Early observational studies noted the similarity in geographical distribution of haemoglobinopathies and P. falciparum infection ...
3. Functions and regulation of plant ß-1,3-glucanases (PR
... were fully fertile even though many of them had undetectable or greatly reduced levels of Sp41. Moreover, no direct effects on stylar development or pollen tube growth related to Sp41 deficiency were observed. Sessa et al. 60 suggest as possible explanations that either the Sp41 deficiency is signif ...
... were fully fertile even though many of them had undetectable or greatly reduced levels of Sp41. Moreover, no direct effects on stylar development or pollen tube growth related to Sp41 deficiency were observed. Sessa et al. 60 suggest as possible explanations that either the Sp41 deficiency is signif ...
Plant Organelles-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signaling
... oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts, and the concomitant cAPX expression correlated with the methylviologen-generated H2O2 accumulation in the cells. Both the location and the mechanism of action of plastid-generated H2O2 are unknown. Similar to water, hydrogen peroxide is thought to freely ...
... oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts, and the concomitant cAPX expression correlated with the methylviologen-generated H2O2 accumulation in the cells. Both the location and the mechanism of action of plastid-generated H2O2 are unknown. Similar to water, hydrogen peroxide is thought to freely ...